Solar control

Laminated glass is used for solar control, particularly where a highly reflective surface is not desired and where the laminate contributes other benefits. In these applications, a uniformly pigmented interlayer is obtained from the manufacturer and the laminate can be prepared by the conventional process. Broad ranges of colors and transmission levels are available with shading coefficients as low as 0.41. Pigmented interlayer is considered to be more... 

Transparent Plexiglas Solar Control Series, Rohm and Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Figure 16.6. Diagram of CVD apparatus for the deposition of solar-control coatings on glass.

Aguilar, J. O. Gomez-Daza, O. Brito, L. A. Nair, M. T. S. Nair, P. K. 2005. Optical and mechanical characteristics of clear and solar control laminated glass using zinc sulphide and copper sulphide thin films. Surface Coatings Technol. 200 2557-2565. 

Solar cells, 22 220, 9 729, 23 32. See also Photovoltaic (PV) cells antimony compounds, 3 53-54 dye-sensitized, 26 878 degradation of, 22 139 economics of, 22 140 efficiency of, 23 15 for electricity generation, 23 26 hydrogenated amorphous silicon in, 22 135, 136, 138-139 materials for, 23 14-15 micromorph, 22 140 polymethine dyes in, 20 516-517 silicon for, 22 507-508 silicon purification for, 22 496 stacking, 23 38-39 vitreous silica in, 22 444 Solar collectors, 23 25 Solar constant, 23 2 Solar control coatings, 23 16 Solar desalination, 26 89-94 Solar electricity, 23 51, 52 Solar energy... 

Since the expansion of CD to II-VI compounds in the 1960s and subse-qnently to other compounds, work on the IV-VI materials has not kept pace with this expansion, and there has been only a relatively limited amonnt of work since then, mainly on the use of PbS for solar control coatings. This chapter does not aspire to comprehensively cover the older literature, although it is intended that the important aspects of these studies be included. Previous reviews that deal with these materials (mostly reviews on infrared detectors) inclnde Refs. 3 and 5-8. 

If this early work on CD of Cu-S was driven by the attractive colors they imparted to metallic substrates, more recent studies were driven initially by their potential use in CuiS/CdS photovoltaic cells (these cells are no longer studied to any extent due to their perceived instability, although, with what has been learned about Cu-containing chalcopyrite, such as CuInSei, thin-fihn cells over the past couple of decades, it would not be surprising if such studies were again pursued) and later in solar control coatings (see Sec. 2.13). 

CD Cu-S(e) films have been proposed for a number of different potential applications. Solar control coatings, where the visible and IR transmission and reflectivity can be varied, is probably the most studied, e.g.. Refs. 44 and 45. The relatively high conductivity and the partial transmittance in the visible spectrum are useful for transparent conductors [46]. Other possible applications are for Cu sensor electrodes and electrical contacts for ceramic devices [46]. 

This group published a number of other papers on Cu S, using the same basic deposition solution, with emphasis on variations of their spectral properties for possible use in solar control coatings. Some examples are given in Refs. 44, 45, and 53 (the last deals with films deposited on Kapton foil). This last showed some weak CuS (covellite) peaks in the XRD spectrum no inference of whether this was the major phase or not could be made. 

These SnS films (in one study, propylene glycol was used instead of acetone to dissolve the SnCli), coated with CD Cu S, were shown to possess spectral characteristics favorable for various solar control purposes [106,107]. Depending on the thicknesses of the two layers, films with varying absorption and reflection could be obtained that might be suitable for solar collectors or for window glazing. 

In a similar manner, Cn3SbS4 was formed by depositing a layer of CuS (as earlier) onto a previonsly deposited film of SbiSs (from a thiosnlpahte bath) and annealing in N2 at 250°C [33], These films (typically between 0.1 and 0.3 p.m thick) were highly condncting (some tens of O/sq). The films were evaluated for solar-control pnrposes and exhibited good IR reflectivity/low IR transmittance with snfficient visible transmittance. 

Solar control compositions are composed of an infrared absorbing phthalocyanine, naphthalocyanine, and an ionomer (17). 

Solar control -use ofhafmum [HAFNIUM AND FIAFNIUM COMPOUNDS] (Vol 12) -laminated glass for [LAMINATED MATERIALS, GLASS] (Vol 14)... 

The interior surfaces of the skylight windows of the Technical Library in the Research Building are covered with 3M Scotchtint Solar Control Film, attached at the top and bottom by rods. This screening material is made of a flexible polyester film of 15/1000" total thickness and is aluminum vapor coated. The color selected was smoke (grey black) and,... 

Soil disinfestation with methyl bromide, vapam, or by solarization controlled degradation of certain pesticides such as EPTC to various degrees (13). Apparently some of the degraders were not affected by these biocides, a fact that was reflected by partial reduction in degradation of EPTC, when compared with the stronger inhibitory effect in sterile soil. 

Solar control coatings for architectural or vehicle glazing... 

In the transport industry, the most important application is the de-icing and de-misting of large extended surface areas by transparent and electrically conductive coatings and there are, in addition, some solar control applications. 

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