Soil fingerprint

The use of a direct combined (or polyphasic) approach can create highly specific soil fingerprints from normal constituents. This, in addition to the application of appropriate statistical analysis, would make soil analysis a more effective tool for routine forensic work, thus considerably extending its applicability. Indeed, combinations of different data each with its own discriminatory potential may result in probabilities of association or disassociation that even surpass those of techniques such as human DNA. Initial work using a canonical variate analysis has shown discrimination between soil types can be improved by including more analytical data. Figure 11.11 illustrates... 

El Fantroussi S, L Verschuere, W Verstraete, EM Top (1999) Effect of phenylurea herbicides on soil microbial communities estimated by analysis of 16S rRNA gene fingerprints and community-level physiological profiles. Appl Environ Microbiol 65 982-988. 

Li ZJ, Xu JM, Tang C, Wu JJ, Akmal M, Wang HZ (2006) Application of 16S rDNA-PCR amplification and DGGE fingerprinting for detection of shift in microbial community diversity in Cu-, Zn-, and Cd- contaminated paddy soils. Chemosphere 62 1374-1380... 

Yang CH, Crowley DE, Menge JA (2001) 16S rDNA fingerprinting of rhizosphere bacterial communities associated with healthy and phytophthora infected avocado roots. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 35 129-136 Yemefack M, Jetten VG, Rossiter DG (2006) Developing a minimum data set for characterizing soil dynamics in shifting cultivation systems. Soil Tillage Res 86 84-98... 

Usually parts are soiled by dust, lint, mould release residues, greases, fingerprints... Cleaning eliminates these pollutants and, for some, the surface oxidation. .. 

Bone and enamel, archaeological, strontium isotope analysis, 102-104 Bone chemistry, principles, 116-117 Bone materials in archaeological soils and sediments, 198, 200-204 Botswana prehistoric mines, specular hermatite source fingerprinting, 460-479... 

Kutsch, H., and Schumacher, B. (1994). Isoelectric focusing of humic substances on ultrathin polyacrylamide gels Evidence of fingerprint performance. Biol. Fertil. Soils 18,163-167. 

Py-FI mass spectrometric fingerprint can be developed as a fast, comprehensive, highly sensitive and reproducible analytical approach to discern any effects that GM crops may exert on soil ecological parameters (Melnitchouck et al., 2006). 

The mass-spectrometric fingerprint —that is, the abundance of up to 900 single properties in the form of m/z with specific intensities—was shown to be most sensitive to detect, prove, and visualize even minor differences between samples, by the use of appropriate statistical procedures. This is independent on the specific sample properties (dissolved/solid, fractionated/nonfraction-ated) and was shown to disclose agronomic (fertilizer, manure, or crop-specific impacts on SOM quality), and ecological (parent material-metabolite, consumer-food, plant-soil) interrelationships. 

Jeltes and Van Tonkelaar [20] investigated problems of oil pollution, the nature of the contaminants and the chemical methods used for their detection. In particular, the use of gas chromatography to obtain fingerprint chromatograms of oil pollutants in water, and of infrared spectrophotometry to determine the oil contents of soils and sediments, is discussed. 

The XRD diffraction patterns of the shoe (suspect) and riverbank (control) soil samples closely match each other—a technique that can be likened to fingerprint comparisons (Figure 1.3). However, what is the significance of this close match If the two soil samples, for example, contain only one... 

Methods of Characterizing and Fingerprinting Soils for Forensic Application... 

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