Discriminatory potential

As demonstrated previously (Bombardier and Bermingham, 1999 Bombardier and Blaise, 2000), the SED-TOX index has a good discriminatory potential. 

The use of a direct combined (or polyphasic) approach can create highly specific soil fingerprints from normal constituents. This, in addition to the application of appropriate statistical analysis, would make soil analysis a more effective tool for routine forensic work, thus considerably extending its applicability. Indeed, combinations of different data each with its own discriminatory potential may result in probabilities of association or disassociation that even surpass those of techniques such as human DNA. Initial work using a canonical variate analysis has shown discrimination between soil types can be improved by including more analytical data. Figure 11.11 illustrates... 

In spite of all the successes of this structural work, the extraordinary discriminatory potential that chiroptical methods would obviously have if applied to the rather mundane task of preliminary routine screening for drugs has never been exploited. One reason for this may be that the sensitivity to stereochemistry has not been fully explained in theoretical terms. The utter inadequacy of the aforementioned theoretical models is easier to understand and appreciate when one realizes that the spatial redirection of just one bond in a molecule, while not affecting the absorption spectra for the structural analogs, will produce changes in the CD spectra that are so dramatic that their individual distinction is elementary. Outstanding illustrations are plentiful in the CD literature of the steroids, for example testosterone and its dihydro-derivative, Figure 1. 

Tang J, Wagner S, Schachner M, Dityatev A, Wotjak CT (2003) Potentiation of amygdaloid and hippocampal auditory evoked potentials in a discriminatory fear-conditioning task in mice as a function of tone pattern and context. Eur J Neurosci 18 639-650 Thomas E (1988) Forebrain mechanisms in the relief of fear the role of the lateral septum. Psychobiology 16 36-44... 

The magnitude of the errors in determining the flat-band potential by capacitance-voltage techniques can be sizable because (a) trace amounts of corrosion products may be adsorbed on the surface, (b) ideal polarizability may not be achieved with regard to electrolyte decomposition processes, (c) surface states arising from chemical interactions between the electrolyte and semiconductor can distort the C-V data, and (d) crystalline inhomogeneity, defects, or bulk substrate effects may be manifested at the solid electrode causing frequency dispersion effects. In the next section, it will be shown that the equivalent parallel conductance technique enables more discriminatory and precise analyses of the interphasial electrical properties. 

There are few methods which can measure well-defined metal fractions with sufficient sensitivity for direct use with environmental samples (approach B in Fig. 8.2). Nevertheless, this approach is necessary in the experimental determination of the distribution of compounds that are labile with respect to the time scales of the analytical method. Recent literature indicates that high-performance liquid (HPLC) and gas chromatographic (GC) based techniques may have such capabilities (Batley and Low, 1989 Chau and Wong, 1989 van Loon and Barefoot, 1992 Kitazume et al, 1993 Rottmann and Heumann, 1994 Baxter and Freeh, 1995 Szpunar-Lobinska et al, 1995 Ellis and Roberts, 1997 Vogl and Heumann, 1998). The ability to vary both the stationary and mobile phases, in conjunction with suitable detector selection (e.g. ICP-MS), provides considerable discriminatory power. HPLC is the superior method GC has the disadvantage that species normally need to be derivatised to volatile forms prior to analysis. Capillary electrophoresis also shows promise as a metal speciation tool its main advantage is the absence of potential equilibria perturbation, interactions... 

Because both formats are now well established, Member States and potential bidders would be - or could easily become - familiar with the rules of either auction. Using these familiar formats would also address concerns about auctions being untested or over-complicated. Both discriminatory and uniform-price formats would be feasible and low-cost for Member States.26... 

Both the prokaryotic and the eukaryotic excision nucleases employ thermodynamic discrimination and kinetic proofreading to achieve high specificity. However, despite these elaborate discriminatory mechanisms, excision nucleases do not have absolute specificity and gratuitous repair of undamaged DNA occurs at a low but potentially deleterious level (23-25). 

Electro-migration injection. This technique, used in gel electrophoresis, is achieved by putting the sample at a potential of appropriate polarity compared to the other extremity and briefly dipping the capillary into it. In contrast to the previous procedure this mode of injection induces a discriminatory action upon the compounds present, which leads to a non-representative composition of the sample. 

II) is potentially found in hemangiopericytoma and is believed to play a major role in producing tumor-related hypoglycemia. The IGF-II peptide can be detected by immunohistochemical means in such cases, but this finding is not diagnostically discriminatory. 

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