Soil conditioners, polymers

Krilium The trade name of a soil conditioner. The solid form of Krilium has as active in-gredienl a copolymer of about equal molar proportions of vinyl ethanoate and the partial methyl ester of maleic acid. It may be formulated with lime, bentonite, etc. In aqueous form, Krilium contains a copolymer of about equal molar proportions of isobutene and ammonium maleamate. Other polymers are also used. 

Prevention of Soil Crusting. Acid-based fertilizers such as Unocal s N/Furic (a mixture of urea with sulfuric acid), acidic polymers such as FMC s Spersal (a poly(maleic acid) derivative originally developed to treat boiler scale) (58), the anionic polyacrylamides described previously, as weU as lower molecular weight analogues such as Cytec s Aerotil L Soil Conditioner, have all been used successfully in at least some circumstances to prevent the formation of soil cmsts. It is difficult to prove benefits in the laboratory, and field tests may give variable results depending on local weather conditions. 

S. N. Floerger, "Polymer Soil Conditioners," undated product Hterature, Saint Etienne, Erance describes functions and uses of cross-linked anionic polyacrylamides in agriculture. 

Interest in the chemistry of water-soluble polymers (polyelectrolytes) has been continually increasing during the past 45 years. The tremendous scope of utility for water-soluble polymers has led to a vigorous search for new materials and the rapid development of polyelectrolytes into a dynamic field of industrial research. Growth in this field has been especially rapid since 1960 and today, many companies are engaged in synthesis and applications research on polyelectrolytes that are primarily used in four main marketing areas water treatment, paper, textiles, and oil recovery [1]. Polyacrylamide gel was also used as soil conditioner [2-4]. 

Waste-treatment processes commonly result in the production of solid wastes that must be disposed of safely. Enzymatic treatment is no exception. For example, although enzymatic treatment may not produce as large a quantity of solid products as does biological treatment, some solid residues may be formed, e.g., the polymer precipitates formed during the treatment of phenols with peroxidases, spent adsorbents such as talc, chitin, or activated carbon that are used to eliminate the soluble products of enzymatic reactions, or residues of plant materials such as raw soybean hulls when they are used in place of purified enzymes during treatment. Perhaps, the polymers and adsorbents could be incinerated to recover some energy if the emission of dangerous combustion by-products can be controlled or prevented. The residues of plant materials could potentially be composted and used as soil conditioners, provided that pollutants do not leach from them at substantial rates. To date, none of these disposal problems have been addressed adequately. 

Sanwet Sanyo Chem. Industries] Starch grafted polyacrylate absorbent polymers for diapers, sanitary napkins, soil conditioners. 

Synthetic soil conditioners do not form aggregates but they are strong stabilizers of those that are already naturally present in the soil, or formed mechanically. This is one outstanding case where there is a sharp line of distinction between formation and stabilization of aggregates. The synthetic polymers combine with soil particles very quickly in... 

Matrix-dispersed fertilisers have also been produced commercially. Expanded vermiculite, perlite, various gels, polymers and waxes have all been used as dispersing media. Granular fertilisers and soil conditioners can be produced from peat and water-soluble phosphates [36]. 

Today, thanks to the advent of chemistry and biotechnology, natural polymers can be tailored to meet specific needs since biopolymers are diverse types of materials that have potential applications in all sectors of the economy [1, 2], For example, they can be used as adhesives, absorbents, lubricants, soil conditioners, cosmetics, drug-dehvery vehicles, high-strength structural materials, in textiles, and even as computational switching devices, among other uses [1],... 

PPG-2 lanolin alcohol ether PPG-10 lanolin alcohol ether PPG-20 lanolin alcohol ether conditioner/antistat, clear hair rinses Olealkonium chloride conditioner/antistat, hair care Distearyidimonium chloride conditioner dusts, soil Diatomaceous earth conditioning oil, cosmetics Oleic/linoleic triglyceride conditioning, hair creams/lotions/rinses Tallowtrimonium methosulfate conditioning/antidandruff shampoo Dihydrogenated tallow phthalic acid amide conductive polymer, antistatic coatings Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly (styrenesulfonic acid) Poly (styrenesulfonic acid)... 

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