Software environment

In-house Data Systems can provide an answer where no commercial alternatives are available or satisfactory. They offer complete control over what the software does and how works. In-house systCims also provide a familiar software environment when adapted for a number of applications. Perhaps surprisingly, the cost effectiveness of in-house systems can be superior to commercial systems when spread over a number of applications and installations. 

Shannon P, Markiel A, Ozier O, Baliga NS, Wang JT, Ramage D, et al. Cyto-scape a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res 2003 13 2498-504. 

LoewLM, Schaff JC.The Virtual Cell a software environment for computational cell biology. Trends Biotechnol 2001 19 401-6. 

After the knowledge domain, the end users and the experts have been defined, a choice must be made for the software environment for the development of the expert system. In addition, the hardware for the development process as well as for the delivery system must be identified. Real application expert systems always require at least a mid-sized tool (see Section 43.7). 

For practical computation the software environment R is used. R is a powerful statistical software tool, it is freeware and can be downloaded at http //cran.r-project. org. Throughout the book we will present relevant R commands, and in Appendix 3 a brief introduction to R is given. An R-package chemometrics has been established it contains most of the data sets used in the examples and a number of newly written functions mentioned in this book. 

Until recently, most expert system building took place in the research departments of universities and a few major corporations. The primary emphasis was investigation of artificial intelligence principles, and the application was of secondary importance. The expert systems tools used reflect this interest. They are typically stand-alone AI computer systems, using special hardware and software environments (usually Lispr-based) not commonly fo md in scientific and engineering organizations. 

To summarize, science-based learning environments use storyboarding of topics not as a means in itself instead, they address the subject matter via the predictive power of an underlying general engine. As tools that generate real data and with the ability to handle unscripted queries, science-based software environments provide a 2151 century version of the laboratory experience. 

R Project The R Foundation A free software environment for statistical computing and graphics (http //www.r-project.org/)... 

It is this writer s firm conviction, that the invention of the SMILES code and its convertibility with computer-readable SDF format has opened the door to great steps forward in man s ability to understand structure-activity relationships. Despite the present differences between the two major SMILES code interpreting software environments, I recommend that all students of chemistry become familiar with this code. 

Point and range estimates as well as probabilistic models (Monte Carlo simulation) must show complete reproducibility per programming environment, since the underlying algorithms are deterministic. They should show asymptotic equivalence of results over different software environments and simulation techniques. 

Materials Studio is a software environment that brings together the world s most advanced materials simulation and informatics technology. It is a product of Accelrys Inc. 

Computer Aided Software Environments (CASE) Tools designed to support the analysis and design phases of the software development life cycle. The tools are usually oriented toward the support of graphical notations. [Defined for this book.]... 

Desktop GAMP (2001) Represents the end user workstation and local software environment. Normally provides a Graphical User Interface (GUI) front-end menu providing users with access to required applications. Many desktop environments can be reconfigured by the end user. 

Damian V, Sandu A, Damian M, Potra F, Carmichael GR (2002) The Kinetic Preprocessor KPP -a software environment for solving chemical kinetics. Comput Chem Eng 26(11) 1567-1579... 

The heterogeneity of the software environment impedes cooperation between organizations. 

The software environment used within complex and creative design and development processes usually comprises tools from different disciplines, vendors, and usage paradigms. Each of these tools is normally based on its own proprietary model and contains only some generic import and/or export functions. A unified access structure is generally missing that would allow to access all the resources and results over the full lifetime of a project. 

Afterward, the structure of the design projects is analyzed to identify recurring routine activities they are made available in the form of reference process components. Initially, this is done separately for both application partners. In a second step, similarities between the two application partners are identified. The validity and integrity of the collected parameters is increased through this process. In order to represent the design projects created in the first step, including influencing variables and process parameters, an appropriate software environment is identified. 

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