Sodium occurrence

Thrombocytopenia caused by cephalothin sodium. Occurrence in a penicillin-sensitive individual. JAMA 1968 203(8) 601-3. 

Corwin HL, Schreiber MJ, Fang LS. Low fractional excretion of sodium. Occurrence with hemoglobinuric and myoglobinuric-induced acute renal failure. Arch Intern Med 1984 144 981-982. 

Shapiro S, Slone D, Siskind V, Lewis GP, Jick H (1970) Ampicillin rashes. Lancet 1 194 Shapiro S, Heinonen OP, Lawson DH (1972) Excess of ampicillin rashes associated with al-lopurinol or hyperuricemia. N Engl J Med 286 505 Sheiman L, Speilvogel AE, Horowitz HI (1968) Thrombocytopenia caused by cephalothin sodium. Occurrence in a penicillin-sensitive individual. JAMA 203 601 Shelley WB (1963) Indirect basophil degranulation test for allergy to penicillin and other drugs. JAMA 184 171... 

Tartaric acid is noteworthy for a) the excellent way in which the majority of its salts Crystallise, and h) the frequent occurrence of salts having mixed cations. Examples of the latter are sodium potassium tartrate (or Rochelle salt), C4H40 NaK, used for the preparation of Fehling s solution (p. 525), sodium ammonium tartrate, C4H OaNaNH4, used by Pasteur for his early optical resolution experiments, and potassium antimonyl tartrate (or Tartar Emetic), C4H404K(Sb0). The latter is prepared by boiling a solution of potassium hydrogen tartrate (or cream of tartar ) with antimony trioxide,... 

Tendering Effects. CeUulosic materials dyed with sulfur black have been known to suffer degradation by acid tendering when stored under moist warm conditions. This effect may result from the Hberation of small quantities of sulfuric acid which occurs when some of the polysulfide links of the sulfur dye are mptured. A buffer, such as sodium acetate, or a dilute alkaH in the final rinse, especially after oxidation in acidic conditions, may prevent this occurrence. Copper salts should never be used with sulfur black dyes because they cataly2e sulfuric acid generation. Few instances of tendering with sulfur dyes other than black occur and the problem is largely confined to cotton. 

Occurrence. The brines of Seades Lake, California are the sole brine source of sodium carbonate [497-19-8] (soda ash) production in the United States. There is a large underground deposit of sodium carbonate brine in the Sua Pan area of Botswana, Afdca (66). Another potential source is Owens Lake, California. Owens Lake brines were used to produce soda ash but were discontinued in 1967. 

Occurrence. About half of all the sodium chloride [7647-14-5J produced in the wodd is from brine. Approximately one hundred million tons pet year are produced from brines of the ocean, terminal lakes, subterranean aquifers, and solution mining (14). Sodium is found in large quantities in most areas of the world. Its quantity is so large that prices in some locations are only a few dollars per ton. Many areas have millions of tons but prices are so low that it is not economical to mine or process the salt. The largest exposed sodium chloride bed is at the Salat de Uyuni, Bohvia, but Bohvia is landlocked and very htde of the salt can be processed and sold at a profit. 

Occurrence. In the United States natural sodium sulfate brines are found at Seades Lake, at the shallow castUe formation undedying Terry and Gains counties in Texas, and at the Great Salt Lake. 

The variations of dielectric constant and of the tangent of the dielectric-loss angle with time provide information on the mobility and concentration of charge carriers, the dissociation of defect clusters, the occurrence of phase transitions and the formation of solid solutions. Techniques and the interpretation of results for sodium azide are described by Ellis and Hall [372]. 

These considerations also explain the occurrence of cases of dimorphism involving the sodium chloride and cesium chloride structures. It would be expected that increase in thermal agitation of the ions would smooth out the repulsive forces, that is, would decrease the value of the exponent n. Hence the cesium chloride structure would be expected to be stable in the low temperature region, and the sodium chloride structure in the high-temperature region. This result may be tested by comparison with the data for the ammonium halides, if we assume the ammonium ion to approximate closely to spherical symmetry. The low-temperature form of all three salts, ammonium chloride, bromide and iodide, has the cesium chloride structure, and the high-temperature form the sodium chloride structure. Cesium chloride and bromide are also dimorphous, changing into another form (presumably with the sociium chloride structure) at temperatures of about 500°. 

W e know of many examples of the effect of impurities of crystallization. In many cases impurities will completely inhibit (2-4) nucleus formation. Reading the literature on this subject impresses one with the frequent occurrence of hydrocolloids as crystal modifiers, particularly where sugar or water is the material being crystallized. The use of gelatin, locust bean gum, or sodium alginate in ice cream is just one example of many practical applications of hydrocolloids in crystal modification. 

Each sample was fortified with chlorpyrifos, as a reference standard, to determine the recovery during each extraction. Three portions of solvent were used, and the combined extract for each sample was dried with sodium sulfate. Analyses employed gas chromatography/flame photometric detection. Limits of detection for vegetation and animal tissues were 0.2 and 0.007 pg respectively. Recoveries from fortified samples were 82%. Diazoxon occurrence was infrequenf and at trace concentrations. 

See also Borates Boric acid Sodium borates boron oxides, 4 246-249 boron oxides table,4 242t environmental concerns, 4 284—285 health and safety factors, 4 285-288 occurrence, 4 245—246 Boron perchlorates, 18 278 Boron phosphate, 4 242t, 283 Boron removal, from water, 14 418 Boron-stabilized carbanions, 13 660-661 Boron subhalides, 4 141 Boron suboxide, 4 242t Boron tribromide, 4 138 manufacture, 4 145—146 physical properties of, 4 139-140t, 325 reactions, 4 141 specifications, 4 147t uses of, 4 149 Boron trichloride, 4 138 manufacture, 4 145—146 physical properties of, 4 139-140t reactions, 4 141... 

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