Sodium megluminate

In the 1990s, to achieve iso-osmolality with plasma, various teams synthesized nonionic dimers, which resulted in the marketing of iotrolan and iodixanol. However, these compounds suffer from high levels of viscosity (at 20 °C and 320 mgl mL h iodixanol = 25.4 mPa.s vs 15.7 mPa.s for the ionic dimer sodium/ meglumine ioxaglate). 

Indomethacin is available as the sodium, meglumine, or L-arginine salt or as the prodrug (proglumetacin maleate). 

Oxybis[2,1-ethanediylo -(l-oxo-2, l-ethanediyl)imino]]-bis[2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acidl 3-[ [ [ [3- (Acetylmethylamino) -2,4,6-triiodo-5-[(methylamino)-carbonyl]benzoyl]amino] acetyl]amino]-5-[[(2-hydroeth-yl)amino] carbonyl]-2,4,6-tri-iodobenzoic acid Meglumine salt Sodium-meglumine salt 3,3 -[l,4-Butanediylbis[oxy(2-hyd oxy-3,1 -propanediyl) (ace-tylamino)]]bis[5-(acetyl-methy l-amino)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid... 

There is some evidence that use of beta blockers is a risk factor for anaphylactoid reactions to X-ray contrast media. Severe hypotension has been seen in two patients taking beta blockers who were given sodium meglumine amidotrizoate and in a further patient taking atenolol who was given iohexol. 

Two patients, one taking nadolol and the other propranolol, developed severe hypotensive reaetions when given sodium meglumine amidotrizoate as a eontrast agent for X-ray urography. Both patients developed slowly progressive erythema on the faee and arms followed by taehycardia and a weak pulse. Eaeh was sueeessfully treated with subeutaneous adrenaline (epinephrine) and hydroeortisone. ... 

Extravasation of barium sulfate iato the peritoneal cavity through a perforated GI tract can produce serious adverse reactions. When a perforation is suspected, the use of a water-soluble iodinated contrast medium is iadicated. In this case, oral or rectal administration of sodium or meglumine-sodium salts of diatrizoic acid (6) and oral use ofiohexol (11) are the preferred procedures. 

Ionic contrast media are triiodobenzene derivatives carrying a negative electrical charge, water soluble only as sodium or meglumine (an organic cation similar to glucosamine) salts. 

Hypaque Sodium (Winthrop) wfm Meglumine Diatrizoale (Squibb) wfm... 

Kanny G, Marie B, Hoen B, et al Delayed adverse reaction to sodium ioxaglic acid-meglumine. Eur J Dermatol 2001 11 134-137. 

Valproic acid/salts Losartan Meglumine antimoniate Piroxicam Procainamide Salicylates Sodium stibogluconate Zalcitabine... 

Some of the ionic iodinated substances used in CAT scans include amidotrizoates (salts of diatrizoic acid) and iothalamates (salts of iothalamic acid)J l The typical cations are sodium ion or meglumine (A-methyl-Z)-glucamine) ion (Fig. 10.1.1),... 

The first modern hydrophilic nonspecific iodinated CA was diatrizoic acid, which, formulated as a sodium and/or meglumine salt, is still used. This agent was first synthesized in 1953 [1]. Osmolality for this compound, at concentrations compatible with imaging (ie. 300-370 mgl mL" ), is about 5-7 times that of plasma (1500-2100 mOsm kg H2O). Other HOCA such as iothalamate, metrizoate and ioxithalamate, were synthesized and marketed over the next few years. In an attempt to reduce the osmolality of the injected solution and thus reduce pain and haemodynamic disturbances, metrizamide, a compound resulting from the condensation of metrizoic acid and glucosamine, was synthesized. It was the first nonionic CA. 

Visceral (L donovani, L chagasi, L infantum) Sodium stibogluconate, 20 mg/kg/d IV or IM for 28 days Meglumine antimonate... 

Cutaneous (L major, L tropica, L mexicana, L braziliensis) Sodium stibogluconate,4 20 mg/kg/d IV or IM for 20 days Meglumine antimonate2 or- Ketoconazole or- Pentamidine... 

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