Sodium hypochloride

The method of choice for preparing thietane oxides is the oxidation of thietanes. This can be conducted using hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochloride -, sodium metaperiodate , NaI04 and m-chloroperbenzoic acid . 

Fragments of C. foliacea thalli were stored dry. Before use, these were abundantly rinsed in tap water and rapidly surface sterilized (10 seconds) in 1% sodium hypochloride. They were then inoculated in the in ratio of 0.5 g Cladonia thallus to each Petri dish containing 20 ml medium (water or Mohr) with 200 pi spore suspension (see above) or 20 shoot fragments. 

Different immobilization methods were applied for Jacobsen s catalyst. The entrapment of the organometallic complex in the supercages of the dealuminated zeolite was achieved without noticeable loss of activity and selectivity. The immobilized catalysts were reusable and did not leach. For the oxidation of (-)-a-pinene the system used only O2 at RT instead of sodium hypochloride at 0 °C. There was a disadvantage in the use of pivalic aldehyde for oxygen transformation via the corresponding peracid. This results in the formation of pivalic acid, which has to be separated from the reaction mixture. 

The benzodiazepine (236) can be chlorinated at the 1-position using sodium hypochloride or t-butyl hypochlorite, or at the 3-position using NCS. The 3-chloro derivative can also be prepared by treatment of the 3-hydroxy compound with thionyl chloride. Halogens at the 3-position can be displaced to give 3-amino derivatives. 

The ring opening of rfr-azetidin-2-ones 323 with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-l-oxy (TEMPO) and sodium hypochloride furnished the ring expansion product isoxazolidinc-2,5-dionc 324, which is used in the synthesis of the macrocyclic antibiotic lysobactin (Equation 112) <2000PAC1763>. 

Work with the toxin should be performed in a contained space and all the materials contaminated with CNTs should be autoclaved or washed at the end of the experiment with dilute sodium hypochloride, due to the extreme sensitivity to oxidants of CNTs (see Chapter 20). 

Amplified DNA is identified by solution hybridization of two nonisotopically labeled oligonucleotides to one strand of the amplified DNA. Following hybrid formation DNA is bound to a solid phase and detected by enzyme-labeled specific antibodies. Because only one strand is used for detection, the other one is washed off and constitutes the main source of laboratory contamination and carryover. Take precautions to avoid the spread of these molecules to other rooms (e.g., work in a chemical fume hood, decontaminate used wash buffer with acid or sodium hypochloride, and so on). 

Vincent-Ballereau, F., Merville, C., and Lafleuriel, M.T. (1989) Sodium hypochloride as a disinfectant for injection materials in third world rural dispensaries, Int. J. Pharm., 50, 87-88. 

Sodium Hypochlorite Solution, Alkaline. Antifor-min. A strongly alk soln of sodium hypochloride 100 ml contains 5.68 g active Cl, 7.8 g NaOH, 32 g Na2COj. 

An oil with the pleasant odor of lemons,a-terpinene, has been isolated from the marjoram plant. It has the formula CioHie- Upon ozonolysis, followed by an oxidative workup, it yielded two compounds oxalic acid and a neutral compound having the formula CaHiJ Oa. When oxidized with sodium hypochloride, the latter was converted to an acidic compound having the formula C7H12O3. This acidic compound was identified as 5-methyl-4-oxo-hexanoic acid. What is the structure of a-terpinene ... 

Cyclohexanone is also the starting material for process 8 (Figure 2.11). This process does not appear to be commercially practiced. It is characterized by the formation of cyclohexanoni-soxim (3,3 -pentamethylene oxaziridine) upon treatment of cyclohexanone in a toluene solution with ammonia and sodium hypochloride [124] ... 

It is found that antiseptic agents also give strong effect when combined with each other. Moreover, goods results are reached by application of sodium hypochloride, boric acid, sodium borate, zinc chloride, sodium fluoride, benzene and phenol chlorine derivatives, antibiotics and other antiseptic agents to rawhides curing. 

A solution of 0.100 g/ml of polyvinyl alcohol was prepared and 100 ml of it was placed in a round bottomed flask and stirred magnetically for several minutes (about 15 minutes). To it was added glacial acetic acid (the amount ranging from 1.00 ml to 5.00 ml depending on the desired pH of the solution) The solution was left stirring for fifteen minutes, and, from a dropping funnel fitted to the flask, 25.0 ml of sodium hypochloride (SAVOL) was added dropwise and left to react for the desired reaction time. 

There are also many substances, however, that are not acids, bases, or salts. Substances like hydrogen peroxide (H Oj) and household bleach (5 percent sodium hypochloride, NaClO) are classified as oxidizing agents. Oxidation-reduction reactions are the subject of the next chapter. 

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