Sodium Metaperiodate

For these experiments, prepare two solutions (A) A solution of 2 5 g. of sodium metaperiodate in 50 ml. of water. A clear solution can be readily prepared by gentle warming, and then cooled. 

When the desired product is a sulfoxide sodium metaperiodate (NaI04) is an ideal reagent It oxidizes sulfides to sulfoxides m high yield but shows no tendency to oxidize sulfoxides to sulfones... 

Oxidation of 4 ten butylthiane (see Problem 16 23 for the structure of thiane) with sodium metaperiodate gives a mixture of two compounds of molecular formula CpHigOS Both products give the same sulfone on further oxidation with hydrogen peroxide What is the relationship between the two compounds ... 

Separated polyols are detected by a variety of reagents, including ammoniacal silver nitrate (175), concentrated sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate (163), lead tetraacetate, and potassium teUuratocuprate (176). A mixture of sodium metaperiodate and potassium permanganate can be used to detect as htde as 5—8 ).tg of mannitol or erythritol (177). 

Preparation of Ruthenium Tetroxide Solution. Ruthenium dioxide (0.4 g) is suspended in 50 ml carbon tetrachloride. A solution of 3.2 g sodium metaperiodate in 50 ml water is added and the mixture stirred 1 hr at 0°. The black ruthenium dioxide gradually dissolves. 

The clear yellow carbon tetrachloride layer is separated and filtered through glass wool to remove insoluble materials. To the solution in a separatory funnel, fresh sodium metaperiodate solution (1.0 g/50 ml) is added. The mixture is shaken until the yellow color of the carbon tetrachloride phase persists and then it is stored in a cold place. 

Preparation of Ruthenium Tetroxide (/5) In a 250-ml flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and cooled in an ice-salt bath is placed a mixture of 0.4 g of ruthenium dioxide and 50 ml of carbon tetrachloride. A solution of 3.2 g of sodium metaperiodate in 50 ml of water is added and the mixture is stirred 1 hour at 0°. The black ruthenium dioxide gradually dissolves. The clear yellow carbon tetrachloride layer is separated and filtered through glass wool to remove insoluble materials. The solution may be used immediately or stored in the cold in the presence of 50 ml of sodium metaperiodate solution (1 g/50 ml). As prepared above, the solution is about 0.037 M in ruthenium tetroxide and contains 0.3 g/50 ml. 

We therefore carried out periodate oxidation of triose reductone in dilute solutions using sodium metaperiodate as the oxidizing agent (55,56), Triose reductone could react with periodate according to the following reaction sequence ... 

Figure 1. Oxidation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (6 10 4M) with sodium metaperiodate (6.6 10 SM) in 0.1N H2SO4 (curve A) and in unbuffered solution (curve...

Table I. Oxidation of Deoxy Sugars and Related Compounds (6 10 M) in 0.1 N H2SOu at +4°C. with Sodium Metaperiodate (6.6 10 sM).

Figure 3. Oxidation of (1 i.)-l,2,4/3,5-cyclohexanepentol (curve A minutes Curve C hours) and of (+)-quercitol (curve B minutes curve D hours) with sodium metaperiodate (c.f. Table I).

Figure 4. Periodate uptake (10f) and malonaldehyde formation (MA) during the oxidation of (1 d)-1,2,5/3,4-cyclohexanepentol with sodium metaperiodate...

Thioamsole, oxidation, by dinitrogen tetroxidc, 46, 80 by hydrogen peroxide, 46, 80 by lead tetraacetate, 46, 80 reaction with sodium metaperiodate to form methvl phenyl sulfoxide, 46,75... 

Desilylation of the major jjw-isomer, followed by oxidative cleavage with sodium metaperiodate, liberates the 3-hydroxy-2-methyl carboxylic acids. The immolative character of this method, i.e., the destruction of the chiral auxiliary reagent in the final glycol cleavage, is a drawback. 

Oxidation of phenyl hexyl sulphide with sodium metaperiodate gave also only a trace amount of the corresponding sulphoxide72. On the other hand, Hall and coworkers73 prepared benzylpenicillin and phenoxymethyl penicillin sulphoxides from the corresponding benzyl esters by oxidation with sodium metaperiodate in dioxane solution with a phosphate buffer. A general procedure for the synthesis of penicillin sulphoxides was reported later by Essery and coworkers74 which consists in the direct oxidation of penicillins or their salts with sodium metaperiodate in aqueous solution at pH 6.5-7.0. 1-Butadienyl phenyl sulphoxide 4475 and a-phosphoryl sulphoxides 4576 were also prepared by the same procedure. 

Alumina supported sodium metaperiodate, which can be prepared by soaking the inorganic support with a hot solution of sodium metaperiodate, was also found to be a very convenient reagent for the selective and clean oxidation of sulphides to sulphoxides79. The oxidation reaction may be simply carried out by vigorous stirring of this solid oxidant with the sulphide solution at room temperature. As may be expected for such a procedure, solvent plays an important role in this oxidation and ethanol (95%) was found to be... 

Silica gel supported sodium metaperiodate was used for the selective oxidation of dibenzyl sulphide80. Metaperiodate anion soaked on strongly basic-ion-exchange resins Amberlite IRA-904 or Amberlyst A-26 was found to be able to oxidize sulphides into the corresponding sulphoxides in 82-99% yield81. 

In contrast to the asymmetric procedures discussed above, the metal-catalyzed oxidation of alkyl aryl sulphides by t-butylhydroperoxide carried out in a chiral alcohol gives rise to chiral sulphoxides of low optical purity290 (e.e. 0.6 9.8%). Similarly, a very low asymmetric induction was noted when prochiral sulphides were oxidized by sodium metaperiodate in chiral alcohols as solvents291. 

Much higher asymmetric induction was observed in the two-phase oxidation of simple alkyl aryl and diaryl sulphides296, substituted alkyl aryl sulphides297 and dithioacetals of formaldehyde298 by sodium metaperiodate in the presence of proteins such as bovine serum y-globulin and egg albumin. Optical purities of the sulphoxides so formed ranged between 20 and 85%. 

Sodium metaperiodate was purchased from J. T. Baker Chemical Company. ... 

Sodium metaperiodate [Metapenodic acid, sodium salt], 55, 68 Sodium, toluene dispersion of, 55, 65 Spiro[cyclopentane-l,l -indene], 55, 94 CE) Stilbene [Benzene, 1,1 (1,2-ethenediyl)-bis-], 55,115... 

Sodium metaperiodate was purchased by the submitters from S.D.Fine Chemicals, India and by the checkers from Aldrich Chemical Company. Occasionally a small amount of some material remains insoluble and is removed by filtration the checkers observed that it begins to precipitate during the addition. An excess of the reagent was used so that oxidation is as complete as possible. 

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