Sodium /glucose transporter

Other cotransporters facilitate the transport of other sugars, osmolytes, and amino acids. In humans, a disorder of intestinal glucose and galactose absorption is due to a defective sodium-glucose transporter. 

Inhibitors of glucose uptake, such as glucosidase inhibitors (e.g., acarbose, voglib-ose), and sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT) inhibitors... 

SODIUM-GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER TYPE 2 (SGLT2) INHIBITORS... 

Bakris GL, Fonseca VA, Sharma K, Wright EM. Renal sodium-glucose transport role in diabetes mellitus and potential clinical implications. Kidney Int 2009 75(12) 1272-7. 

SODIUM-GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER TYPE 2 (SGLT2) INHIBITORS [SEDA>33, 898 SEDA>34, 695] ... 

GGM. Several missense mutations in human sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLT1) have been described that cause GGM. 

WINGERTZAHN M A, TEICHBERG s, WAPNIR R A (2001) Stimulation of non-sodium-dependent water, electrolyte, and glucose transport in rat small intestine by gum arabic. DigDis Sci. 46 1105-12. 

Cramer, S. C., et al. Colocalization of GLUT2 glucose transporter, sodium/ glucose cotransporter, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in rat kidney with double-peroxidase immunocyto-chemistry. Diabetes 1992, 43, 766—770. 

Glucose entry into most cells is concentration driven and independent of sodium. Four glucose transporters (GLUT) are listed in Table 1-12-1. They have different afiinities for glucose coinciding with their respective physiologic roles. Normal glucose concentration in peripheral blood is 4-8 mM (70-140 m dL). 

Figure 5.9 The sodium ion/glucose transporter and sodium ion/ amino acid transporter. The biochemistry of the two processes is identical. To maintain electroneutral transport K ion replaces Na ion, via NaVK ATPase. The broader arrow indicates overall effect (i.e. unidirectional) transport.

INTESTINE Characterization of a membrane potassium ion conductance in intestinal secretory cells using whole cell patch-clamp and calcium-sensitive dye techniques, 192, 309 isolation of intestinal epithelial cells and evaluation of transport functions, 192, 324 isolation of enterocyte membranes, 192, 341 established intestinal cell lines as model systems for electrolyte transport studies, 192, 354 sodium chloride transport pathways in intestinal membrane vesicles, 192, 389 advantages and limitations of vesicles for the characterization and the kinetic analysis of transport systems, 192, 409 isolation and reconstitution of the sodium-de-pendent glucose transporter, 192, 438 calcium transport by intestinal epithelial cell basolateral membrane, 192, 448 electrical measurements in large intestine (including cecum, colon, rectum), 192, 459... 

Kobayashi, Y., Suzuki, M., Satsu, H., Arai, S., Hara, Y., Suzuki, K., Miyamoto, Y., and Shimizu, M., Green tea polyphenols inhibit the sodium-dependent glucose transporter of intestinal epithelial cells by a competitive mechanism, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 5618, 2000. 

Walgren, R.A., Lin, J.T., Kinne, R.K., and Walle, T., Cellular uptake of dietary flavonoid quercetin 4 -(3-glucoside by sodium-dependent glucose transporter SGLTl, J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther., 294, 837, 2000. 

Song, J., Kwon, O., Chen, S., Damwala, R., Eck, P., Park, J.B., and Levine, M., Flavonoid inhibition of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCTl) and glucose transporter isoform 2 (GLUT2), intestinal transporters for vitamin C and glucose, J. Biol. Chem., 277, 15252, 2002. 

Day, A.J. et al.. Absorption of quercetin-3-glucoside and quercetin-4 -glucoside in the rat small intestine the role of lactase phlorizin hydrolase and the sodium-dependent glucose transporter, Biochem. Pharmacol., 65, 1199, 2003. 

Non-ruminants possess several intestinal Na+-dependent saturable transport systems. These include the well-known sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT1), responsible for the active uptake of glucose, and it appears to be specific for cinnamic and ferulic acid and possibly for other hydroxy-cinammic acids [112]. 

Historically important as an example of flux coupling, and one that was investigated in detail becoming a paradigm for coupled transport, was the sodium coupled glucose transport system of the small intestine and kidney (see below). This was a symport (or co-transport) rather than an antiport, normally carrying glucose into the cell coupled to a flow of sodium ions in the same direction. 

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