Sodium dodecyl sulfate properties

Fig. XIII-9. The dependence of the flotation properties of goethite on surface charge. Upper curves are potential as a function of pH at different concentrations of sodium chloride lower curves are the flotation recovery in 10 M solutions of dodecylammo-nium chloride, sodium dodecyl sulfate, or sodium dodecyl sulfonate. (From Ref. 99.)...

Fig. XIII-10. Properties of colloidal electrolyte solutions—sodium dodecyl sulfate. (From Ref. 102a.)...

Before we examine the polymerization process itself, it is essential to understand the behavior of the emulsifier molecules. This class of substances is characterized by molecules which possess a polar or ionic group or head and a hydrocarbon chain or tail. The latter is often in the 10-20 carbon atom size range. Dodecyl sulfate ions, from sodium dodecyl sulfate, are typical ionic emulsifiers. These molecules have the following properties which are pertinent to the present discussion ... 

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is commonly used as the standard surfactant in many chemical and physicochemical determinations. It is often taken as the surfactant of reference when comparing surfactants. This can be explained by the fact that sodium dodecyl sulfate is the surfactant that can be obtained with the highest degree of purity. It can easily be produced by chlorosulfation or sulfation of pure dodecanol and purified by crystallization to obtain crystals of purity near to 100%. In addition, sodium dodecyl sulfate has outstanding surfactant properties. 

A phosphate-free detergent with excellent detergency and improved foaming and rinsing properties consists of 10% sodium a-sulfo hardened beef tallow fatty acid methyl ester, 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 5% a-sulfomyristic acid disodium salt, 10% zeolite, 10% sodium silicate, 10% sodium carbonate, 10% cellulose, 40% Flauber s salt, and 4% water [80]. 

The number of different proteins in a membrane varies from less than a dozen in the sarcoplasmic reticulum to over 100 in the plasma membrane. Most membrane proteins can be separated from one another using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), a technique that has revolutionized their study. In the absence of SDS, few membrane proteins would remain soluble during electrophoresis. Proteins are the major functional molecules of membranes and consist of enzymes, pumps and channels, structural components, antigens (eg, for histocompatibility), and receptors for various molecules. Because every membrane possesses a different complement of proteins, there is no such thing as a typical membrane structure. The enzymatic properties of several different membranes are shown in Table 41-2. 

Separation of colloids by GPC is an important technical advance that may help in the characterization of novel materials. One such separation was the shape separation of gold particles of nanometer size by GPC on a Nucleogel GFC 1000-8 column using sodium dodecyl sulfate and Brij-35 [polyoxyethylene (23) dodecanol] to modulate the adsorption properties of the colloidal gold.42 Rodlike and spherical particles were separated using UV-VIS detection. 

Mattice, W.L., Riser, J.M., Clark, D.S. (1976). Conformational properties of the complexes formed by proteins and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Biochemistry 15, 4264 4272. 

Recently, novel polymethine carbonyl-dyes based on coumarin moiety and their boron difluoride complexes 9a-d and lOa-d [34—36] were evaluated as fluorescent dyes for the detection of native proteins using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein, and as probes for the nonspecific detection of proteins using a BSA/ sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) mixture [37]. Optical properties of these compounds in the absence and presence of BSA, as well as in SDS and BSA/SDS mixture, were measured in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) (Table 1). 

The Langmuir-Blodgett method has been used to prepare hybrid films of an anionic Ru(ll) cyanide polypyridyl complex with LDHs [170]. An LDH film was formed on mica owing to the interaction between LDHs particles and the Ru(ll) cyanide polypyridyl complex that was pre-dispersed on the surface of mica. Water-in-oU emulsions composed of octane, water and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) have been used to synthesize Mg/Al LDHs with carbonate as the interlayer anion [171] by constant pH or variable pH methods. A floccule or fiber-like LDH material that possesses similar chemical composition and properties to that synthesized using a conventional variable pH method was obtained. The resulting LDH shows high surface area and a narrow distribution of mesopores. 

J. Lucassen, F. Hollway, and J.H. Buckingham Surface Properties of Mixed Solutions of Poly-Lysine and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. 2. Dynamic Surface Properties. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 67, 432 (1978). 

Petri and Kolb [334] have studied the properties of sodium dodecyl sulfate adsorbed on Au(lll) in H2SO4 solutions, using in situ STM. 

In this paper, we report the solution properties of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-alkyl poly(oxyethylene) ether (CjjPOEjj) mixed systems with addition of azo oil dyes (4-NH2, 4-OH). The 4-NH2 dye interacts with anionic surfactants such as SDS (11,12), while 4-OH dye Interacts with nonionic surfactants such as C jPOEn (13). However, 4-NH2 is dependent on the molecular characteristics of the nonionic surfactant in the anlonlc-nonlonic mixed surfactant systems, while in the case of 4-OH, the fading phenomena of the dye is observed in the solubilized solution. This fading rate is dependent on the molecular characteristics of nonionic surfactant as well as mixed micelle formation. We discuss the differences in solution properles of azo oil dyes in the different mixed surfactant systems. 

In a previous publication ( ), results were presented on the micellar properties of binary mixtures of surfactant solutions consisting of alkyldimethylamine oxide (C12 to Cig alkyl chains) and sodium dodecyl sulfate. It was reported that upon mixing, striking alteration in physical properties was observed, most notably in the viscosity, surface tension, and bulk pH values. These changes were attributed to 1) formation of elongated structures, 2) protonation of amine oxide molecules, and 3) adsorption of hydronium ions on the mixed micelle surface. In addition, possible solubilisation of a less soluble 1 1 complex, form between the protonated amine oxide and the long chain sulfate was also considered. 

In this paper we apply basic solution thermodynamics to both the adsorption of single surfactants and the competitive adsorption of two surfactants on a latex surface. The surfactant system chosen in this model study is sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and nonylphenol deca (oxyethylene glycol) monoether (NP-EO o) These two surfactants have very different erne s, i.e. the balance between their hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties are very different while both are still highly soluble in water. 

Additives. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 5.0 M urea and 0.1 M betaine were added to the FAM solution to disrupt the association process to help understand the mechanism. Betaine had previously shown some dissociative properties, and urea is effective in preventing association caused by H-bonding. Solutions at different alkalinities were produced as before and ultrafiltered. 

One of the most widely used forms of gel electrophoresis is known as sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Polyacrylamide gel has several advantages that account for its extensive use. It has minimal adsorptive properties and produces a negligible electroosmotic effect (Hjelmeland and Chrambach 1981). In identity tests, for the determination of molecular weight, SDS-PAGE has been shown to be an appropriate, fast, and easy method that is often used in quality control laboratories. The use of SDS-PAGE followed by a densitometric analysis, such as MS, is a helpful technique for the determination of peptide or... 

Wyckoff, M., Rodbard, D. and Chrambach, A. 1977. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing buffer using multiphasic buffer systems Properties of the stack, valid Rf measurements, and optimized procedure. Anal Biochem. 78, 459-482. 

Slurrying, starch isolation, 674-676 Small-granule starches, centrifugation, 676 Smell chemicals, see Aroma compounds Smoke, interfacial properties, 609 (table) Sodium borohydride, 717 Sodium dodecyl sulfate, in SDS-PAGE. see Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Sodium thiosulfate, standardization, 519-520... 

---