Physicochemical determinant

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is commonly used as the standard surfactant in many chemical and physicochemical determinations. It is often taken as the surfactant of reference when comparing surfactants. This can be explained by the fact that sodium dodecyl sulfate is the surfactant that can be obtained with the highest degree of purity. It can easily be produced by chlorosulfation or sulfation of pure dodecanol and purified by crystallization to obtain crystals of purity near to 100%. In addition, sodium dodecyl sulfate has outstanding surfactant properties. 

N. F. Ho, and P. S. Burton. Physicochemical determinants of passive membrane permeability role of solute hydrogen-bonding potential and volume, J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 3721-3729... 

Flynn, G.L., Physicochemical determinants of skin absorption, in Principles of route-to-route-extrapolationfor risk assessment, Gerity, T.R., and Henry, C J., eds., Elsevier, New... 

Indeed, considering the latter 3D QSAR model, the features that make a molecule suitable to bind to the hERG channel start delineating in a chemically interpretable manner, but, it is rather dear how these kinds of models emphasize mostly the 3D steric aspects of molecules, depending mainly on factors such as the conformation (or the conformational analysis protocol) or the alignment of the molecules. To obtain a description of the characteristics of hERG-blocking molecules in terms of measurable (computable) properties in a way that the physicochemical determinants of the activity can be identified, the classical 2D QSAR approach is well suited. 

Flynn GL (1990) Physicochemical determinants of skin absorption. In Gerrity, TR, Henry, CJ (eds.) Principle of route-to-route extrapolation for risk assessment. Elsevier, New York, pp 93-127. 

Physicochemical Determinants and In Silica Prediction of Plasma Protein Binding... 

The physicochemical determinants of plasma protein binding and the in silica prediction of the latter have been examined by several authors [55-57] and generally found to coincide with lipophilicity (generally expressed by logPo t or logDo t) and, for... 

Flynn, G.L. 1990. Physicochemical Determinants of Skin Absorption. In T.R. Gerrity and C.J. Henry, Eds., Principles of Route-to-Route Extrapolation for Risk Assessment, pp 93-127. Elsevier New York. 

Coon, F.B., Richter, E.F., Hein, L.W., Krieger, C.H. (1954) Problems encountered in physicochemical determination of warfarin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2, 739-741. 

Pugh, W.J. Hadgraft, J. Roberts, M.S. Physicochemical determinants of stratum corneum permeation. In Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment Roberts, M.S., Walters, K.A., Eds. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1998 245-268. 

Whereas compartmental models are abstract mathematical representations of an animal or a human body, in the form of a certain number of boxes, PBPK models describe the behavior of xenobiotics on the basis of the actual anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of human beings and animals. Being realistically modeled on how the body functions, PBPK models take into consideration the complex relationships that exist between critical biological and physicochemical determinants such as blood flow, ventilation rates, metabolic rate constants, tissue solubilities, and binding to proteins (e.g., albumin and glycoproteins) or other macromolecules (e.g., DNA and hemoglobin). 

Pugh, W. J., J. Hadgraft, and M. S. Roberts. 1998. Physicochemical determinants of stratum corneum permeation. In Dermal absorption and toxicity assessment, edited by M. S. Roberts, and K. A. Walters. New York Marcel Dekker, pp. 245-268. 

Ahmed I, Gokhale RD, Shah MY, Patton TF. Physicochemical determinants of drug diffusion across the conjunctiva, sclera, and cornea. J Pharm Sci 1987 76 583-586. 

Control of biological products nearly always involves biological techniques that have a greater variability than physicochemical determinations. In-process controls take on a great importance in the manufacture of biological products because certain deficiencies may not be revealed by testing the finished product... 

The appropriate sample size depends on whether the investigations are carried out in the range of infinite dilution or of finite-concentration . At infinite dilution, the concentrations of the components in the carrier gas may be neglected and thus the gaseous phase may be considered ideal. At finite concentration, a correction for retention calculations should be introduced, which makes them more complicated. Certain limitations of GC methods for physicochemical determinations should also be mentioned. These are mainly restricted to the study of interactions that occur on solids, in liquids, in the mobile gas phase, and at their interfaces. While measurements can be made simultaneously, it is possible that interference from other physicochemical properties of the materials may introduce inaccuracy. Another important limitation is the volatility of the stationary phase in gas-liquid chromatography. 

Matsuraki R, Harada M, Funakoshi S, Fujii N, Miyajima K. Physicochemical determinants for the interactions of magainins 1 and 2 with acidic lipid bilayers. Biochim Biophvs. Acta 1991 1063 162-170. 

Equation (8) shows that the accuracy of niy is limited by the physicochemical determination of nu. 

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