Sodium:calcium ratio

Golorfastness to Bleaching. In fastness to hypochlorite bleachiag, ISO 10S-N01, the specimen is agitated ia a solution of sodium, calcium, or lithium hypochlorite containing 2 g/L available chlorine buffered to pH 11.0 with sodium carbonate for 1 h at 20°C and 50 1 Hquor-to-goods ratio. The specimen is tinsed ia water, hydrogen peroxide, or sodium bisulfite solution to remove free chlorine, dried, and assessed. 

Ratio of basic (calcium, sodium, potassium) to acidic (iron, silicon, aluminum) ash constituents, and specifically irou-to-calcium ratio... 

This is defined as the relative concentration of sodium to calcium plus magnesium, and is represented by a parameter known as the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). The absolute concentration values of the different cations in irrigation water are not adequate for estimating probable hazards. An important consideration is the extent to which the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of the soil will increase as a result of adsorption of sodium from the irrigation water. The higher the ratio, the... 

The LCM accurately predicted the vapor pressure of SO and CO2 over sulfite/bisulfite and carbonate/bicarbonate solutions, respectively, for salts of sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Figure 3 plots the LCM predictions of SO2 vapor pressure as a function of theQtotal SO to sodium ratio for a sodium sulfite/bisulfite system at 50 C... 

Yadav, J. S. P. and I. K. Girdhar. 1980. The effects of different magnesium calcium ratios and sodium adsorption ratio values of leaching water on the properties of calcareous versus noncalcareous soils. Soil Sci. 131 194-198. 

Table 6 shows calculated ZAP factors for these materials as well as a hypothetical calcium aluminosilicate glass with a Ca0-Al203-Si02 ternary eutectic ratio plus 10 wt % PbO, and NIST 610 glass, a sodium-calcium aluminosilicate glass with a certified Pb concentration of 426 1 ppm (see also Pearce et al. 1997). ZAP factor ratios for the standard materials and Trebilcock monazite (Tomascak et al. 1996) are also given in Table 6. 

We have studied the synthesis of fatty acids by the closed Fischer-Tropsch process, using various carbonates as promoters and meteoritic iron as catalyst. The conditions used were D2/CO mole ratio = 1 1, temperature == 400°C, and time = 24-48 hr. Sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and rubidium carbonates were tested as promoters but only potassium carbonate and rubidium carbonate produced fatty acids. These compounds are normal saturated fatty adds ranging from C5 to Cis, showing a unimodal Gaussian distribution without predominance of odd over even carbon-numbered aliphatic chains. The yields in general exceed the yields of aliphatic hydrocarbons obtained under the same conditions. The fatty acids may be derived from aldehydes and alcohols produced under the influence of the promoter and subsequently oxidized to the acids. 

The greater effectiveness of multivalent cations as compared to monovalent cations in changing phase behavior has been recognized recently in the literature. Fleming, et al. (7), report a calcium to sodium effectiveness ratio of 14 and a magnesium to sodium effectiveness ratio of 16 for North Burbank crude oil and a surfactant system composed of 5.0 percent Petronate TRS lOB and 3.0 percent isobutyl alcohol. That paper does not indicate whether the ratios were determined at other surfactant concentrations. 

The answer is 3 [IIC Tible 15-1]. The halocarbon compounds (e.g., chloroform, halothane, freon) and the fumes from overheated synthetic fluorine-containing resin-coated (Teflon) cookware are indirectly car-diotoxic because they sensitize the heart to sympathomimetic amines such as epinephrine. Following exposure to these substances, even the release of endogenous epinephrine associated with stress can pose a hazard. Yew plants contain a cardioactive alkaloid that inhibits depolarization and produces bradycardia and diastolic heart block. Furazolidone interferes with intermediary metabolism, resulting in a lack of energy arid a dilated, weak heart "round heart." Digitalis aflecTs potassium content in the cell. Monensin is an ionophore that alters the sodium-to-calcium ratio arid leads Id cardiac necrosis. 

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