Sodium aluminium sulfate

The production of a baking powder depended on a system where the reaction could be delayed until required. In 1864 a patent was taken out to use monocalcium phosphate hydrate in making a baking powder. In 1885 sodium aluminium sulfate came to be used. This compound has a low solubility in water at ambient temperatures so it does not start to act until the product has heated up. 

Sodium aluminium sulfate SAIP NaH14Al3(P04)8 4H20 + 5H2Q - 3Al(OH)3+Na+ + 4H2PO[Pg.74]

For preparing lakes, a solution of aluminium sulfate (or chloride) is mixed with sodium carbonate, forming fresh alumina Al(OH)3. The colorant is then added and adsorbed on the surface of alumina. Usually the content of colorant in the lake ranges from 10 to 40%." The product is filtered, washed with water, dried, and milled. The product is allowed to contain unreacted alumina but must not contain more than 0.5% HCl-insoluble matter and not more than 0.2 % ether-extractable matter. - Lakes are insoluble in most solvents used for pure dyes, and they have high opacity and better stability to light and heat. Lakes impart their color by dispersion of solid particles in the food. The coloring properties of lakes depend on particles, crystal structures, concentrations of dye, etc. 

Howard [27] determined dissolved aluminium in seawater by the micelle-enhanced fluorescence of its lumogallion complex. Several surfactants (to enhance fluorescence and minimise interferences), used for the determination of aluminium at very low concentrations (below 0.5 pg/1) in seawaters, were compared. The surfactants tested in preliminary studies were anionic (sodium lauryl sulfate), non-ionic (Triton X-100, Nonidet P42, NOPCO, and Tergital XD), and cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide). Based on the degree of fluorescence enhancement and ease of use, Triton X-100 was selected for further study. Sample solutions (25 ml) in polyethylene bottles were mixed with acetate buffer (pH 4.7, 2 ml) lumogallion solution (0.02%, 0.3 ml) and 1,10-phenanthroline (1.0 ml to mask interferences from iron). Samples were heated to 80 °C for 1.5 h, cooled, and shaken with neat surfactant (0.15 ml) before fluorescence measurements were made. This procedure had a detection limit at the 0.02 pg/1 level. The method was independent of salinity and could therefore be used for both freshwater and seawater samples. 

Spencer and Sachs [29] determined particulate aluminium in seawater by atomic absorption spectrometry. The suspended matter was collected from seawater (at least 2 litres) on a 0.45 tm membrane filter, the filter was ashed, and the residue was heated to fumes with 2 ml concentrated hydrofluoric acid and one drop of concentrated sulfuric acid. This residue was dissolved in 2 ml 2 M hydrochloric acid and the solution was diluted to give an aluminium concentration in the range 5-50 pg/1. Atomic absorption determination was carried out with a nitrous oxide acetylene flame. The effects of calcium, iron, sodium, and sulfate alone and in combination on the aluminium absorption were studied. 

The total amounts of hydroxide ions, calculated by summing moles of 0H added (as NaOH, Pr NOH, sodium aluminate or sodium silicate) and by substracting moles of acid added (as H2SO4 or aluminium sulfate), are 16.45, 19.3 and 8.8 for mixtures A, B and B respectively. Their final ingredient molar ratios are compared in Table I. 

Potassium aluminium sulfate (Alum) A1K(S04)2.12H20 The aqueous immunogen solution/suspension is mixed with 0.3 vol 10% alum. The pH is then ac usted to about 8.0 with sodium hydroxide solution and the resultant precipitate washed in 0.9% NaCl solution and administered. Acetone precipitates The aqueous immunogen is precipitated with 4.5 vol of acetone at -20°C for 1 h. The precipitate is collected by centrifugation at lO.OOOg at room temperature, washed in 80% acetone, and air-dried. The pellet is resuspended in saline using a Dounce homogenizer and then administered directly or in association with... 

In this work, the influence of the conditions of aluminium hydroxide precipitation on interfacial surface development was analyzed, and batch-scale experiments on active aiuminium hydroxide (AAH) formation were conducted. Aluminium hydroxide precipitates were produced by alkalization of aluminium sulfate solutions using sodium hydroxide. 

The first significant step forward was the discovery that water is cooled when salts are dissolved in it, such as common salt (sodium chloride), saltpetre (potassium nitrate), sal-ammoniac (ammonium chloride) or alum (a mixture of aluminium sulfate and potassium sulfate). When the crystals dissolve, the strong bonds between the ions are broken, extracting heat from the surrounding water, so the temperature drops. Adding a mixture of 5 parts ammonium chloride and 5 parts potassium nitrate to 16 parts water at 10 °C causes the temperature of the mixture to drop to about — 12°C, sufficient to freeze a vessel of pure water immersed in it. This phenomenon was first recorded in an Indian poem from the fourth century AD, and described in detail in an Arabic medical textbook from 1242. Another book in Arabic, containing sorbet recipes, appeared at about the same time. 

Listed by the Colour Index (1971 Cl 77122/Pigment White 23) where it is described as a co-precipitate of approximately 25% aluminium hydroxide and 75% barium sulfate qq.v.). Prepared by co-precipitation from sodium carbonate, aluminium sulfate and barium chloride. 

Patton (1973i) equates lake white with light alumina hydrate. This latter term refers to a basic aluminium sulfate prepared as a precipitate from solutions of aluminium sulfate and sodium... 

A more obvious sign of the acidic character of [A1(H20)6] is the fact that aqueous solutions of aluminium sulfate, unlike those of, say, sodium sulfate, are acidic ... 

Magnesium sulfate, potassium carbonate, sodium sulfate. Calcium chloride, c cium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium, lithium aluminium hydride. 

Many metal oxo-compounds (nitrates, oxides and particularly sulfates) and sulfides are reduced violently or explosively (i.e. undergo thermite reaction) on heating an intimate mixture with aluminium powder to a suitably high temperature to initiate the reaction. Contact of massive aluminium with molten salts may give explosions [1], Application of sodium carbonate to molten (red hot) aluminium caused an explosion [2]. 

Urokinase utilized medically is generally purified directly from human urine. It binds to a range of adsorbents, such as silica gel and, especially, kaolin (hydrated aluminium silicate), which can be used initially to concentrate and partially purify the product. It may also be concentrated and partially purified by precipitation using sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate or ethanol as precipi-tants. 

Flash inhibitor Potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium aluminium fluoride and sodium cryolite Reduce muzzle flash... 

The deprotection of t-Boc proline ester 2a is representative of the general procedure employed, tert-Butyl carbamate (0.217 g, 1.0 mmol) and aluminium chloride (0.134 g, 1.0 mmol) doped on a neutral alumina (1.0 g) were mixed thoroughly on a vortex mixer. The reaction mixture was placed in an alumina bath inside an unmodified household microwave oven (operating at frequency 2450 MHz) and irradiated for a period of 1 min. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC, EtOAc-hexane, 9 1 v/v), it was neutralized with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and the product was extracted into ethyl acetate (2x15 mL). The ethyl acetate layer was separated, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the crude product thus obtained was purified by column chromatography to afford pure methyl ester 2b in 88% yield. 

See Aluminium Sodium sulfate See other METAL OXONON-METALLATES... 

Aluminium, Metal oxides, etc., 0048 Aluminium, Sodium sulfate, 0048... 

---