Soda ash dense

Soda Ash (Dense) Britesil H-24 TSP Anhydrous Burcosperse AP Powder Dry Surfactant FB-Sodium Percarbonate... 

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Wo/er.- Reacts with moisture in air forming a dense white fume. Reaction with liquid water gives off heat and forms hydrochloric acid Reactivity with Common Materials The acid formed by reaction with moisture attacks metals, forming flammable hydrogen gas Stability During Transport Stable Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Acid formed by the reaction with water can be neutralized by limestone, lime, or soda ash Polymerization Not pertinent Inhibitor of Polymerization Not pertinent. 

Dense soda ash is generally used in munieipal applications because of superior handling charaeteristies. It has little dust, good flow eharaeteristics, and will not areh in the bin or flood and feeder. It is relatively hard to dissolve and ample dissolver capacity must be provided. Normal practiee calls for 0.5 lb of dense soda ash per gallon of water or a 6 percent solution retained for 20 minutes in the dissolver. 

The sodium bicarbonate produced is heated to 175 °C in rotary dryers to give light soda ash (Na2C03). Floles are left in the crystals obtained, as the carbon dioxide is liberated. Dense soda ash used by the glass industry is manufactured from the light ash by adding water and drying. 

Dense soda ash with bulk density 60 lb/cuft is to be conveyed a distance of 100 ft and elevated 12 ft. The material is class II-X with a factor F = 0.7. The bearings are self-lubricated bronze and the drive is V-belt with rj = 0.93. The size, speed, and power will be selected for a rate of 15 tons/hr. 

A simple change in physical properties also can be achieved by crystallization. In the process of making soda ash, referred to earlier, the sodium bicarbonate crystals are subjected to heat that causes the release of carbon dioxide and produces low-density sodium carbonate crystals. The density of these crystals is incompatible with their use in glass manufacture, but a more acceptable crystal can be obtained by contacting the sodium carbonate crystals with water to form crystalline sodium carbonate monohydrate. Drying the resulting crystals removes the water of hydration and produces a dense product that is acceptable for glass manufacture. 

Calcining the Bicarbonate to Soda Ash. Crude filtered bicarbonate is continuously calcined by indirect heating. Various techniques are used to heat, 2430 kj/kg (581 kcal/kg) this material to 175—225°C in the calciners. Carbon dioxide, produced at 95% or higher purity, is compressed and recycled to the carbonating tower in order to enrich the makeup kiln-gas feed. The hot soda ash discharged from the calciner is cooled, screened, and packaged, or shipped in bulk. This product, called light ash has a bulk density of around 590 kg/m3. A certain amount is sold in this form the majority, however is converted to dense ash. 

Searles Lake. Searles Lake is a large evaporite deposit about 78 km square and 46 rn deep. It contains a complex mixed salt system that includes trona along with potassium, boron, and other salts (23,24). North American Chemical Company recovers soda ash (1.0 x 10° t/yr) from the lake by carbonating and cooling the brine to crystallize sodium bicarbonate (25). The bicarbonate is filtered and calcined to light soda ash which is densified by conversion to the monohydrate followed by calcining. The procedure results in a dense ash with properties equivalent to Wyoming trona derived ash. 

Synthetic soda is of superior quality compared to mined natural soda ash. There are two important grades of carbonates light soda ash and dense soda ash. Light soda ash can absorb large amounts of liquid material onto its surface and remains dry [3]. 

Commercial light soda ash from a freshly opened container is desirable, but a laboratory grade of anhydrous sodium carbonate can be used if it is first heated at 150 to 200° for at least 1 hour. Light soda ash is preferred to the dense material because of its small particle size. The completely dry solid reacts slowly, but an optimum reaction rate results when ca. 10% by weight of water is present. 

The product, now containing about 85% soda ash and 15% insoluble matter, is dissolved in hot water, and the hot solution is fed to crystallizers where sodium carbonate monohydrate crystals (Na2C03 H2O) are precipitated at temperatures between 40 and 100°C. The crystals are then sent to hydroclones and excess water is removed in centrifuges. The product is then dried in steam dryers at 150°C to produce anhydrous dense soda ash having bulk density about 1.0 g/mL. 

The flow diagram for the Solvay process is shown in Figure 21.4. Limestone calcined with coke is used to produce carbon dioxide (Equation 21.1) and calcium oxide for the recovery of ammonia (Equations 21.1, 21.3, 21.9). The brine solution is then saturated with ammonia and carbon dioxide gas to produce ammonium bicarbonate, which then reacts with the salt to form sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride. The sodium bicarbonate, which precipitates, is filtered and calcined at 175-225°C to produce light soda ash, having bulk density in the range 0.51-0.62 g/mL. Dense soda ash, with bulk density of 0.76-1.06 g/mL can be produced by hydrating light soda ash. 

Alternative process for the production of sodium carbonate. The major process in the US is by recovery from trona ore. In the most recent process the ore is mined and crushed at the surface. The sesquicarbonate is calcined in gas-fired rotary units. The resultant soda ash is dissolved in hot water and crystallizes out on settling. It is filtered, centrifuged and dried to give dense soda ash. 

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