SNAM process

The Snamprogetti (SNAM) process, the synthesis section of the Stamicarbon (STAC) process and the synthesis section of the Toyo-ACES (Advanced Process for Cost and Eneigy Saving) process are described in References 108 and 110. An updated version of the STAC process, Urea 2000plus, is offered by DSM (Stamicarbon s parent company).108110... 

The final isoprene product contains 98.5 per cent weight, with a maTitmifn olefins content of 1.5 per cent Figure 6.6 shows a flow sheet of the SNAM process. 

Figure 8 shows the general flow sheet of the SNAM process, while Figures 9 and 10 provide details of the recycling schemes of NiCd batteries and NiMH batteries, respectively. 

Figure 8 SNAM Process - General Flow Sheet...

Brambilla, G., et al.. May 4—7, 1970. The SNAM process for the production of ceramic nuclear fuel microspheres. In Symposium on Sol-Gel Processes and Reactor Fuel Cycles, Gatlinburg, Tennesses, pp. 191—209. 

At this time over 95% of all new urea plants are Hcensed by Snamprogetti, Stamicarbon, or Toyo Engineering. SNAM utilizes thermal stripping while STAC (Stamicarbon) and Toyo use CO2 stripping. Only these three processes are, therefore, covered in detail. Process flow sheets are included for others at the end of this section. 

Formex A process for extracting aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum reformate, using N-formyl morpholine at 40°C. Developed by SNAM-Progetti. 

SNAM (1) [Societa Nazionale Metandotti] A urea synthesis process, developed in the late 1960s and now widely used worldwide. 

SNAM (2) An ammoxidation process for converting propylene to acrylonitrile. The catalyst is based on molybdenum/vanadium or bismuth, operated in a fluidized bed. Operated in Europe in 1968. 

Several other companies have developed patented processes to D-hydroxyphenylglycine. These include Bayer, DSM, SNAM-Progetti and Ajinomoto. DSM has got access to several technologies and is now carrying out the hydantoinase process at DSM Deretil in Spain. 

A similar process developed in the 1980s by the lnmetc Co. in the United States is capable of handling about 3000 tonnes of industrial and consumer nickel-cadmium batteries per annum. Here again, the cadmium is distilled and converted into ingots which are supplied back to the battery industry. Finally, another thermal process for treating nickel-cadmium battery waste is in operation in France by the Societd Nouvelle d Affinage des Metaux (SNAM). 

The only reported commercial use of the yeast enzyme is the production of lactose-hydrolyzed milk in Italy using the Snam Progetti process for entrapment of enzyme in cellulose triacetate fibers (4) ... 

Low-pressure processes Kellogg, ICX, Montedison (LEA process SNAM Progetti. eta... 

Typical process Stamicarbon II SNAM n Mitsui Toatsu MTC/TEC... 

The basic principle of the process, which is licensed by IFP SNAM (Societa Nazionale Metanodotii) etc., comprises preheating of the hydrocarbon feedstock and boiler feed-... 

SNAM Progettfs Formex process and Koppers s Morphylanc process can operate directly on feedstocks with non-aromatics contents up to 25 to 30 per cent weight. 

Instead of stripping with carbon dioxide, ammonia can be used (Snam Progetti process). The stripping processes are energetically somewhat more favorable than the recycling processes with high pressure decomposers. 

The earliest processes employed air as the oxidant (Distillers IG Farben, Scientific Design, Union Carbide). Modem plants are nearly all supplied with oxygen (Chenuscbe Werke-Hiih, Japan Catalytic, Scientific Design second version. Shell, SNAM Progetti Societa Nazionale Metanodotti). The main concern of all these installations is the effective removal of the heat produced during the reaction. This is achieved by operation with a low ethylene conversion rate, cold product recycle, and external cooling of the catalyst bed. 

In this equation, Q. accurec, Q- snam, Q. saft represent the quantities of used batteries collected in various EU memhers states and effectively processed at SNAM, SAFT and ACCUREC that are the officially known recycling plants. Any other quantity processed at a new recycling plant could he included in this equation as Q. recycler ... 

The companies involved in the processing of NiCd batteries at the industrial scale are SAFT AB (Sweden), ACCUREC GmbH (Germany) and SNAM (France). 

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