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Yield smoke

The Cone calorimeter yields smoke results which have been shown to correlate with those from full scale fires [10, 15-18]. The concept of a combined heat and smoke release measurement variable for small scale tests has been put into mathematical terms for the cone calorimeter smoke parameter (SmkPar) [10]. It is the product of the maximum rate of heat release and the average specific extinction area (a measure of smoke obscuration). The correlation between this smoke parameter and the smoke obscuration in full scale tests has been found to be excellent [10]. The corresponding equation is ... [Pg.524]

The smoking point of butter is the temperature at which partial combustion starts, yielding smoke. An oil or fat is only safe to cook with below its smoke point. [Pg.511]

National Cancer Institute (2001) Risks associated with smoking cigarettes with low machine-measured yields. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 13. National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD... [Pg.532]

Boron trifluoride [7637-07-2] (trifluoroborane), BF, was first reported in 1809 by Gay-Lussac and Thenard (1) who prepared it by the reaction of boric acid and fluorspar at duU red heat. It is a colorless gas when dry, but fumes in the presence of moisture yielding a dense white smoke of irritating, pungent odor. It is widely used as an acid catalyst (2) for many types of organic reactions, especially for the production of polymer and petroleum (qv) products. The gas was first produced commercially in 1936 by the Harshaw Chemical Co. (see also Boron COMPOUNDS). [Pg.159]

Einrahmung, /. framing, frame, einrauchem, v.t. fumigate smoke. Eioraucherung, /. fumigation, einraumen, v.t. stow away furnish yield, concede,... [Pg.120]

In Smoke. We compared the gas chromatograms of nitrosamines in matching aliquots of mainstream smoke derived from Burley type cigarettes that were identical except for the degree of nitrate fertilization during cultivation (Figure 2). This comparison supports the concept that the nitrate concentration in tobacco is a determining factor for the nitrosamine yields in the smoke. The data in Table II confirm this concept. These studies have... [Pg.249]

Figure 2. Effect of nitrate in tobacco on nitrosamine yield in mainstream smoke... Figure 2. Effect of nitrate in tobacco on nitrosamine yield in mainstream smoke...
In order to ascertain that the NDELA formation does not occur as a result of trapping of the smoke or during the analysis, we added diethanolamine to tobacco prior to extraction with ethyl acetate in the presence of ascorbic acid. The control value for NDELA was 121 ppb and the experiment with 5.5 iqg diethanolamine addition yielded 113 ppb NDELA. For control of the smoke analysis we added 5.5 mg of DELA in the solvent trap and smoked cigarettes known to be free of DELA. Analysis of the trapped material showed no significant quantities of NDELA, so that artifactual formation of this nitrosamine during smoke collection and analysis can be ruled out. [Pg.255]

Precursors and Formation. Tobaccos used for commercial products in the U.S.A, contain between 0,5 and 2,7% alkaloids. Nicotine constitutes 85-95% of the total alkaloids (14,26,27). Important minor alkaloids are nornicotine, anatabine, anabasine, cotinine and N -formylnornicotine (Figure 6), Several of these alkaloids are secondary and tertiary amines and, as such, amenable to N-nitrosation. The N-nitrosated alkaloids identified to date in tobacco and tobacco smoke include N -nitrosonornico-tine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (NNK) and N -nitrosoanatabine (NAT Figure 7). In model experiments, nitrosation of nicotine also yielded 4-(methylnitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butanal (NNA 28). [Pg.258]

Even more promising appears to be the selective reduction of TSNA by perforated cellulose acetate filter tips with higih air dilution. Although the smoker will compensate for the reduction in nicotine by smoking more intensely, it appears that the TSNA yield in smoke does, in this case, not increase to the level observed in smoke of an unperforated filter cigarette. [Pg.270]

The process is conducted at 700 °C. It yields semicoke, which is popular as a smokeless domestic fuel. It can at times be used in boiler also to avoid smoke. Yield of coke oven gas is less, of tar high, and of ammonia less. Calorific value of coke oven gas generated is more. The process produces aliphatic natured tar. Following carbonization the coke discharging process is difficult as it swells extensively but does not shrink much upon carbonization. Free carbon in tar (produced from the cracking of hydrocarbons) is less Coke produced is weaker. Volatile matter in the coke produced is more. Hydrogen content in the coke oven gas is less. [Pg.95]

The country now about us is more open, and to the east, through the mist, burns the sun. We ride west, and I may not yield to my desire to turn aside and seek the light. I long for it, even as lovers souls are drawn to the moon though clouds shadow it. And thus, too, are pilgrims souls drawn through incense smoke to the... [Pg.53]


See other pages where Yield smoke is mentioned: [Pg.304]    [Pg.527]    [Pg.376]    [Pg.1305]    [Pg.409]    [Pg.304]    [Pg.527]    [Pg.376]    [Pg.1305]    [Pg.409]    [Pg.452]    [Pg.107]    [Pg.307]    [Pg.369]    [Pg.448]    [Pg.335]    [Pg.410]    [Pg.85]    [Pg.17]    [Pg.89]    [Pg.286]    [Pg.225]    [Pg.406]    [Pg.455]    [Pg.885]    [Pg.414]    [Pg.131]    [Pg.216]    [Pg.317]    [Pg.268]    [Pg.5]    [Pg.278]    [Pg.8]    [Pg.66]    [Pg.68]    [Pg.13]    [Pg.96]    [Pg.445]    [Pg.448]    [Pg.95]    [Pg.166]    [Pg.209]    [Pg.304]    [Pg.466]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.425 , Pg.426 , Pg.433 ]




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