Smoking diseases linked

Chronic bronchitis is an obstructive pulmonary disease linked to smoking and prolonged working in dusty environments and is characterized by excessive mucus production with repeated chest infections. 

The main areas of opposition to tobacco smoking are links to life-threatening illness such as heart disease and lung cancer. Once addicted to tobacco smoking, the smoker usually finds it difficult to stop because of physical dependence on nicotine, the harmful substance in tobacco. Nicotine acts on the nervons system as a stimulant. It increases the heart rate and narrows the blood vessels as well. People who try to stop smoking usually go through a series of withdrawal symptoms that can include irritability, restlessness, anxiety, and insomnia, which often make it difficult for the smoker to quit. 

Nicotine s Dependence Liability Effects of Chronic Tobacco Use Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide Diseases Linked to Cigarette Smoking Other Tobacco Products and Health Passive Smoking... 

Major diseases linked to smoking are heart disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, and cancers of various types. 

A report by U.S. surgeon general Luther Terry definitively links smoking with cancer and other serious diseases. 

The personal consequences of nicotine dependence are clearly the potentially life threatening illnesses that tobacco causes. Additional negative consequences become evident as tobacco use becomes less socially acceptable. Unlike the use of other recreational drugs or alcohol, tobacco use does not alter consciousness or cause escape from social responsibility. Therefore, until recently, smoking was regarded as a matter of personal choice. The links between second-hand smoke and disease in nonsmokers altered that view. Smokers often must face isolation and the outdoor elements to avoid exposing family, friends, and coworkers to second-hand smoke. Even then, they may face negative feedback from those around them. 

There is no strong link between smoking and blood pressure. But the evidence of the link between smoking and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases is overwhelming. In addition there is evidence that smoking cessation strategies are cost-effective (NICE, 2006). 

Obstructive lung disease is commonly associated with smoking or prolonged exposure to industrial smokes and fumes. The destruction of lung tissue in emphysema is permanent and irreversible and development ofthe condition is linked to deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin (a i-antitrypsin). 

Amfebutamone has been linked to 41 deaths (17). From the reports of suspected adverse events received by the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Foundation, it appears that more than half concerned patients at risk of smoking-related diseases. In 15 cases there had been simultaneous use of amfebutamone with another antidepressant (10 patients), theophylline (1 patient), or insulin (4 patients). These combinations may lead to an increase in the risk of seizures. Furthermore, two patients reported having taken antiepileptic drugs, despite the fact that amfebutamone is contraindicated in patients with seizure disorders. These results suggest that the guidelines described in the product information are not being adhered to in some cases. 

Even though the mortality from coronary heart disease has declined recently, atherosclerosis and related vascular disorders still are the leading cause of death in the Western world. The etiology of this disease is multifactorial, with hyperlipidemia, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity being well-established risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. Dietary fat affects plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and vascular inflammation and, thus, is linked to atherosclerosis. 

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