Small leather goods

Small leather goods, as can be seen in Figure 6.16, encompasses a variety of containers that women typically carry in their handbags and men may carry in a pocket or briefcase to hold small items. 

Although handbags vary in shapes and sizes, they can be distinguished by some characteristics and components, as may be seen in Figure 6.18. Most of these features are also found on travel-related bags, and some apply to small leather goods. 

Use and exposure There are three forms of xylene meto-xylene, ortho-xyltnt, and para-xylene (m-, o-, and p-xylene). These different forms are referred to as isomers. Xylene is a colorless, sweet-smelling liquid that catches tire easily. It occurs naturally in petroleum and coal tar. Chemical industries produce xylene from petroleum. Xylene is used as a solvent in the printing, rubber, and leather industries. It is also used as a cleaning agent, a thinner for paint, and in paints and varnishes. It is found in small amounts in airplane fuel and gasoline. Xylene is used extensively in the manufacture of many other chemicals, such as plastics, synthetic fibers, pesticides, insect repellents, and leather goods. ... 

Emission limits are expressed in grams of solvent emitted per m of product produced. For leather coating activities in furnishing and particular leather goods used as small consumer goods like bags, belts, wallets, etc. 

In the development of the protein-fatty acid condensates it was possible to combine the renewable resources fatty acids (from vegetable oil) and protein, which can be obtained from both animal waste (leather) as well as from many plants, to construct a surfactant structure with a hydrophobic (fatty acid) and a hydrophilic (protein) part (Fig. 4.12). This was carried out by reacting protein hydrolysate with fatty acid chloride under Schotten-Baumann conditions using water as solvent. Products are obtained that have an excellent skin compatibility and, additionally, a good cleaning effect (particularly on the skin) and, in combination with other surfactants, lead to an increase in performance. For instance, even small additions of the acylated protein hydrolysate improve the skin compatibility. An... 

A leather belt was still in place on the body and was fastened with a metal buckle and keeper. Both of these were cast in a nonferrous alloy and were originally plated with a copper alloy. The leather was in good condition, being intact but lacking flexibility due to burial. The metal had corroded to form a corrosion crust that was consistent with burial duration and conditions. The shoes were intact, consisting of leather uppers, synthetic sole and containing the remains of dyed cotton socks and the small bones of the foot. 

Polyurethane adhesives are frequently applied in solution as thermoplastics made from reacting diols, such as polyesters or polyethers with hydroxyl end gronps, with di-isocyanates. These materials are rubbery, tough and, because of the urethane and other polar groups, have good adhesion to textiles and leathers. In addition they are more resistant to oxidation than diene-type rubbers. However, they are still unstable. They can be cross-linked and bound to the substrate by incorporating a small quantity of di-isocyanate either free or attached to the polyol. Strength is increased and resistance to solvents is ensured. 

Contact adhesives are used to manufacture furniture and countertops of high pressure plastic and particle board, movable and permanent office partitions, assemblies of cold rolled steel to honeycomb cardboard, and foamed substrates for both steel doors and prefabricated curtain walls. Other applications for contact adhesives include small product assembly such as toys, sporting goods (with substrates such as leather), aluminum foil, plastic films, rigid plastic and foams. 

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