Slicing operation

Chemical etching of the silicon wafer in mixtures of HF and HNOj is used to remove surface work damage and stress from the slicing operation as well as to provide... 

Wafers are sliced from the boule using a diamond-tipped saw or a set of diamond-coated wires. When the wire saw is used many slices can be cut in one run (like slicing a hard-boiled egg). The substrate thickness essentially depends on the slicing operation, although the final value depends on subsequent polishing operations. 

Time-sliced operation involves a series of stops during the elution of a chromatographic peak of interest. Time-sliced is used when two analytes elute together or have close retention times, or when the separation is poor. 

Sheeter lines n. Parallel scratches or projecting ridges distributed over considerable area of a plastic sheet such as might be produced during a slicing operation. 

For the slicing operation a high speed air bearing sawing attachment, called ROTO (Semitron Ltd.,Cricklade, Swindon Wilts., U.K.), is fitted on the saddle of a lathe as shown in Figure III-5. An appropriate thin abrasive wheel is fitted to the arbor of the ROTO and the metal bar is held in the chuck of the lathe. 

As the cursor is moved over the rendered 3D data, the eo-ordinates and amplitude of the eell giving rise to the pixel under the cursor are displayed in the status bar. This provides a basic method for measuring the location and dimensions of flaws. However, it is more convenient and accurate to perform sizing operations on 2-dimensional slices, so several slicing and sizing tools are incorporated. 

A two-dimensional slice may be taken either parallel to one of the principal co-ordinate planes (X-Y, X-Z and Y-Z) selected from a menu, or in any arbitrary orientation defined on screen by the user. Once a slice through the data has been taken, and displayed on the screen, a number of tools are available to assist the operator with making measurements of indications. These tools allow measurement of distance between two points, calculation of 6dB or maximum amplitude length of a flaw, plotting of a 6dB contour, and textual aimotation of the view. Figure 11 shows 6dB sizing and annotation applied to a lack of fusion example. 

Schnitt, m. cut cutting, incision section intersection slice die edge (of a book) (surgical) operation crop, -band, n. (Micros.) serial section, ribbon, schnlttbearbeltbar, a. machinable. Schnitt-brenner, m. slit burner, batswing burner, -dicke, /, thickness of a slice or section. 

Pali), P and Stamford, JA (1993) Real-time monitoring of endogenous noradrenaline release in rat brain slices using fast cyclic voltammetry. 2. Operational characteristics of the alpha2 autoreceptors in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, pars ventralis. Brain Res. 608 134-140. 

Our very first experiments with the reactor depicted in Figure 5.4.1 were carried out with a 15% Pt-Y-Al203 single cylindrical catalyst pellet [10-12], The acquisition time of 2D images of an axial slice at that time was about 260 s. Despite this, the first direct MRI visualization of the operation of a model gas-liquid-solid reactor has revealed the existence of large gradients of the liquid phase content within the catalyst pellet upon imbibition of liquid a-methylstyrene (AMS) under conditions... 

With these goals in mind, we have studied the distribution of the liquid phase in the course of the hydrogenation reaction in a catalyst bed comprised of 1-mm catalyst beads (Figure 5.4.5). The 2D images shown reflect the distribution of the liquid phase in a 2-mm thick axial slice upon variation of the liquid AMS flow rate. The results show that while the increase in the flow rate leads to larger liquid contents in the bed (and vice versa), a steady state operation of the catalyst bed with unchanging spatial distribution of the liquid is observed if the external conditions remain unchanged. 

Further spectroscopic experiments were carried out with an operating reactor using a bed of 1-mm catalyst beads [13]. A 3D experiment with one spectral and two spatial coordinates was carried out, yielding NMR spectra for each pixel of a 2D axial slice. Figure 5.4.7 shows several representative spectra selected from the entire data set. The NMR spectra of neat AMS [Figure 5.4.7(d)] and cumene [Figure 5.4.7(f)] are provided for comparison, they were experimentally detected for bulk liquid samples (lower traces with narrow lines) and their lines were then mathematically broadened to 300 Hz (upper traces) to account for the broadening in the... 

Specimens on grids are an alternative to self-supporting disks. Specimens in the form of small particles may be supported on a thin film (e.g. an amorphous carbon film) before being placed on the grid. Thin slices of the material may be produced by an instrument known as an ultramicrotome. The principal advantage of the technique is that it leaves the chemistry unchanged, and it may be employed to create uniform thin films of multiphase material. The instrument operates by moving... 

The cellular reaction product consisted of alternating plates of C03W lamellae in a solute-depleted Co matrix (eCo). Ffomogenized ingots were cut into slices 1 mm thick and then heat-treated. Spark erosion was used to trepan 3 mm diameter discs which were then jet electropolished to form thin foils for TEM examination in a Philips EM 430 STEM instrument operating at 300 kV in the nanoprobe mode with a probe size of 5 to 10 nm. 

The hydrological simulations for the future time-slice 2071-2100 were performed using the bias-corrected daily time series derived from the two different climate scenarios described in Table 4 as external forcing, and the hydrological parameters obtained during the calibration and verification period described in Sect. 6.1. One operational modification was made to the simulation of subcatchment 057, where a withdrawal corresponding to the Ebro-Besaya water transfer, described in Sect. 6.1, was allowed to remove water outside the catchment. This water transfer was introduced only for the simulations of the future scenarios, while the... 

The heat transfer coefficient /fsu in air varies strongly with the gas velocity, surface conditions of the product, and the geometry of the installation. In practical operations it will be difficult to achieve Ksu values of 1.7-2.5 10"3 J/cm2 s °C, or= 75 kJ/m2 h °C, and in many applications only half of this value (or less) may be possible. However, even with this high /fsu the above discussed slice of beef (2 cm thick) has a freezing time... 

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