Sleep insomnia

Insomnia is not so much a diagnosable illness as a symptom. Simply put, insomnia is poor sleep, and there are a number of ways that the quality of sleep can be diminished. Although it may be tempting to identify insomnia by counting the number of hours spent sleeping, insomnia is much more than that. Insomnia is the experience of a poor quality sleep characterized by any of the following having difficulty... 

Primary insomnia, with underlying pathophysiology of sleep Insomnia secondary to a psychiatric disorder Insomnia secondary to a medication or drug of abuse... 

I 11. Many doctors recommend exercise for patients who complain that they can t sleep. Insomnia can be a major problem. A brisk walk after dinner can help you relax, which in turn helps induce sleep. You can t buy exercise in a bottle, but it is an excellent antidote for insomnia. 

Insomnias are a cause of sleep deprivation. As indicated, there is no uniform underlying problem related to the report of poor nocturnal sleep. Insomnias have been subdivided based on the timing of lack of sleep at sleep onset, during the night, or due to early-morning awakening (1). They have also been dissociated as part of a psychiatric syndrome, or independent from a psychiatric symptomatology such as major depressive disorder. The difficulty is that a patient with a psy-... 

Chronic use leads to tolerance (cross with other S-H drugs), possibly via down-regulation of BZ receptors. Psychological and physical dependence occurs, but abuse liability and withdrawal signs are less intense than with ethanol or barbiturates. Rebound REM sleep, insomnia, and anxiety are common on discontinuance. 

Indications Vacuity taxation, vacuity vexation, inability to sleep. Insomnia, nervous exhaustion, night sweats, poor memory, nightmares, rapid heart palpitations, crying and irritability in teething infants, neurasthenia, and schizophrenia... 

Insufficient sleep, insomnia, and circadian rhythm disorders have a physiological root with added behavioral and psychological components that lead to poor sleep, sleep loss, negative effect of da5flime efficiency, and health deterioration. 

Insomnia complaints are common in the general population and can be dichotomized into problems of delayed sleep onset and those related to sleep maintenance. Increasing attention is being focused on the adverse daytime effects of insomnia. Sleep disturbances become more common with increased age and are more prevalent in women. Sleep complaints arise from very diverse etiologies which prominently include concomitant primary... 

Pharmacological Profiles of Anxiolytics and Sedative—Hypnotics. Historically, chemotherapy of anxiety and sleep disorders rehed on a wide variety of natural products such as opiates, alcohol, cannabis, and kawa pyrones. Use of various bromides and chloral derivatives ia these medical iadications enjoyed considerable popularity early ia the twentieth century. Upon the discovery of barbiturates, numerous synthetic compounds rapidly became available for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. As of this writing barbiturates are ia use primarily as iajectable general anesthetics (qv) and as antiepileptics. These agents have been largely replaced as treatment for anxiety and sleep disorders. 

The short-acting clomethia2ole [533-45-9] (1), sometimes used as therapy for sleep disorders ia older patients, shares with barbiturates a risk of overdose and dependence. Antihistamines, such as hydroxy2iae [68-88-2] (2), are also sometimes used as mild sedatives (see HiSTAMlNES AND HISTAMINE antagonists). Antidepressants and antipsychotics which have sedative effects are used to treat insomnia when the sleep disorder is a symptom of some underlyiag psychiatric disorder. 

Erman MK (2001) Sleep architecture and its relationship to insomnia. J Clin Psychiatry 62 (Suppl. 10) 9—17... 

The sum of all periods of sleep throughout the night. Used as a measure of diagnosing and recovery following treatment for insomnia. 

The term pasaon flower is used to denote many of the approximately 400 species of the herb. F saon flower has been used in medicine to treat pain, anxiety, and insomnia. Some herbalists use the herb to treat symptoms of parkinsonism. F saon flower is often used in combination with other herbs , such a valerian, chamomile, and hops, for promoting relaxation, rest and sleep. Although no adverse reactions have been reported, large doses may cause CNS depression. The use of passion flower is contraindicated in pregnancy and in patientstaking the monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Fission flower contains coumarin, and the risk of bleeding may be increased when used in patientstaking warfarin and pasaon flower. 

D Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to adverse reactions (insomnia, nervousness) to the drug... 

According to the National Sleep Foundation, insomnia affects nearly 84 million people. It may be caused by lifestyle changes, such as a new job or moving to a new... 

Q Risk for Sleep Pattern Disturbance related to hyperactivity, nervousness, insomnia, other (speafy)... 

When use of the CNS stimulants causes insomnia, the nurse administers the drug early in the day (when possible) to diminish sleep disturbances. The patient is encouraged not to nap during the day. Other stimulants, such as coffee, tea, or cola drinks, are avoided. In some patients, nervousness, restlessness, and palpitations may occur. The vital signs are checked every 6 to 8 hours or more often if tachycardia, hypertension, or palpitations occur. Many times these adverse reactions will diminish with continued use as tolerance develops. If tolerance develops, the dosage is not increased. 

Insomnia (inability to sleep) or hypersomnia (excessive sleeping)... 

Benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics. Although benzodiazepines are widely used in the treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal, most nonmedical personnel involved in the treatment of alcoholism are opposed to the use of medications that can induce any variety of dependence to treat the anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances that can persist for months following withdrawal. Researchers have debated the pros and cons of the use of benzodiazepines for the management of anxiety or insomnia in alcoholic patients and other substance abuse patients during the postwithdrawal period (Ciraulo and Nace 2000 Posternak and Mueller 2001). 

A rebound sleep disturbance has been found after only 7—10 days of treatment with therapeutic doses of triazolam (Greenblatt et al. 1987). Others have described a withdrawal syndrome after substitution of a short-acting benzodiazepine for a long-acting benzodiazepine (Conell and Berhn 1983). Rebound insomnia may occur with zolpidem. 

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