Circadian rhythm disorders

Garcia J, Rosen G, Mahowald M. Circadian rhythms and circadian rhythm disorders in children and adolescents. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2001 8 (4) 229-240. 

Cermakian N, Boivin DB (2003) A molecular perspective of human circadian rhythm disorders. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 42 204-220... 

I. Treatment of Circadian Rhythm Disorders Using 5HT7 Receptor Agonists... 

Piperidin-quinoline derivatives, (II), prepared by Wlodecki (2) were effective as 5HT7 agonists and used in treating circadian rhythm disorders. 

Chloro-2-[4-[4-(2H-benzimidazo-2-oxo-l-yl)piperidin-l-yl]butyl]-2H-thieno[3,2-e]-l,2-thiazine 1,1-dioxide hydrochloride, (V), and related 5HT7 receptor agonists prepared by May (5) were effective in the treatment of circadian rhythm disorders. 

Dimeric naphthyl derivatives, (YI), prepared by Lesieur (6) were effective in treating or in preventing melatoninergic disorders associated with circadian rhythm disorders and sleep disorders. 

S20098 is a naphthalenylacetamide derivative, a melatonin analogue and melatonin receptor agonist (acting at Mel,a and Melig subtypes). It is a chronobiotic that potentially may be useful for circadian rhythm disorders. S40015 zolimidine. 

Few clinical trials have been done in insomnias that are not associated with circadian rhythm disorders. Large doses of melatonin may have a therapeutic effect in chronic insomnia. Insomnia that coincides with diminished melatonin secretion occurs in aging and following treatment with beta-adrenoceptor blockers. Trials of melatonin treatment for... 

Melatonin still is available over-the-counter in the U.S. (since 1993), Canada and the United Kingdom but it is banned in many countries or is available only by prescription. U.S. sales in 2006 reached an impressive 81 million and were rising. Numerous therapeutic benefits have been ascribed to taking melatonin supplements but it is used primarily to treat sleep disorders such as insomnia and to reduce jet lag (http //www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/circadian rhythm disorders). 

Insufficient sleep, insomnia, and circadian rhythm disorders have a physiological root with added behavioral and psychological components that lead to poor sleep, sleep loss, negative effect of da5flime efficiency, and health deterioration. 

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