Site-directed antibodies

Gourdie RG, Harfst E, Severs NJ, Green CR Cardiac gap junctions in rat ventricle Localization using site-directed antibodies and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Cardioscience 1990 1 75-82. 

Milks LC, Kumar NM, Houghton R, Unwin N, Gilula NB Topology of the 32-kd liver gap junction determined by site directed antibody localisations. EMBO J 1988 7 2967-2975. 

A functional map of the Na+ channel a subunits. The transmembrane folding model of the a subunit is depicted with experimentally demonstrated sites of cAMP-dependent phosphorylation (P), interaction of site-directed antibodies that define transmembrane orientation covalent attachment... 

Grynspan, F., Griffin, W. R., Cataldo, A., Katayama, S., and Nixon, R. A. (1997). Active site-directed antibodies identify calpain II as an early-appearing and pervasive component of neurofibrillary pathology in Alzheimer s disease. Brain Res 763, 145-158. 

Vassilev P, Scheuer T, Catterall WA 1989 Inhibition of inactivation of single sodium channels by a site-directed antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86 8147—8151... 

Howlett AC, Song C, Berglund BA, Wilken GH, Pigg JJ (1998) Characterization of CBl cannabinoid receptors using receptor peptide fragments and site-directed antibodies. Mol Pharmacol 53 504-510... 

Hirlekar Schmid A., Stanca S. E., Thakur M. S., Ravindranathan Thampi K., and Raman Suri C., Site-directed antibody immobilization on gold substrate for surface plasmon resonance sensors,, Sens. Actuators B, 113(1), 297-303, 2006. 

Lavoie, T. B., Drohan, W. N. and Smith-Gill, S. J. (1992), Experimental analysis by site-directed mutagenesis of somatic mutation effects on affinity and fine specificity in antibodies specific for lysozyme , f. Immunol., 148, 503-513. 

Hurwitz, E., Kashi, R., Burowsky, D., Arnon, R., and Haimovich, J. (1983b) Site-directed chemotherapy with a drug bound to antiidiotypic antibody to a lymphoma cell-surface IgM. Int. J. Cancer 31, 745. 

Melikian, H. E., McDonald, J. K., Gu, H., Rudnick, G., Moore, K. R., and Blakely, R. D. (1994) Human norepinephrine transporter. Biosynthetic studies using a site-directed polyclonal antibody. J. Biol. Chem. 269,12290-12297. 

In the last 5 years, catalytic antibodies have been generated for several reaction types, including the various types of hydrolysis, transesterification, amide bond formation, /3-elimination, cycloreversion, transacylation, redox reactions, E-Z isomerization, epoxidation, and Diels-Alder reactions. For more information on these and other recent developments, such as semi-synthetic antibodies, site-directed mutagenesis, and the bait-and-switch strategy, the reader should consult the appropriate authorities (Schultz, 1988, 1989a,b Benkovic et al., 1990 Janda et al., 1990, 1991 Janjic and Tramontano, 1990 Lerner et al., 1991). 

B. Packard and M. Edidin, Site-directed labeling of a monoclonal antibody Targeting to a disulfide bond, Biochemistry 25, 3548-3552 (1986). 

The use of specific antibodies labeled with a fluorescent dye to localize substances in tissues was first devised by A. H. Coons and his associates. At first, the specific antibody itself was labeled and applied to the tissue section to identify the antigenic sites (direct method) (1). Later, the more sensitive and versatile indirect method (2) was introduced. The primary, unlabeled, antibody is applied to the tissue section, and the excess is washed off with buffer. A second, labeled antibody from another species, raised against the IgG of the animal donating the first antibody, is then applied. The primary antigenic site is thus revealed. A major advantage of the indirect method is the enhanced sensitivity. In addition, a labeled secondary antibody can be used to locate any number of primary antibodies raised in the same animal species without the necessity of labeling each primary antibody. 

The conjugation of deacetylvinblastine to a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a tumor-associated antigen results in an agent with substantial antitumor activity in mice with relatively little toxicity (la). Conjugates of this type are of obvious interest for future clinical trials as site-directed cancer chemotherapeutic agents. 

Heterobifunctional cross-linking reagents also may be used to site-direct a conjugation reaction toward particular parts of target molecules. Amines may be coupled on one molecule while sulfhydryls or carbohydrates are targeted on another molecule. Directed coupling often is important in preserving critical epitopes or active sites within macromolecules. For instance, antibodies may be coupled to other proteins... 

---