Receptors bonds used

Adrenoceptors are proteins embedded in the cell membrane that are coupled through a G-protein to effector mechanisms that translate conformational changes caused by activation of the receptor into a biochemical event within the cell. All of the )3-adrenoceptors are coupled through specific G-proteins (Gg) to the activation of adenylyl cyclase (45). When the receptor is stimulated by an agonist, adenylyl cyclase is activated to catalyze conversion of ATP to cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which diffuses through the cell for at least short distances to modulate biochemical events remote from the synaptic cleft. Modu-lationof biochemical events by cAMP includes a phosphorylation cascade of other proteins. cAMP is rapidly deactivated by hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond by the enzyme phosphodiesterase. The a,-receptor may use more than one effector system, depending on the location of the receptor however, to date the best understood effector system of the a,-receptor appears to be similar to that of the )3-re-... 

Non-NMDA and NMDA receptors are used by many spinal neuronal cell types (reviewed by Zieglgansberger and Tolle, 1993 Lodge and Bond, 1994 Woolf and Costigan, 1999). Ionotropic glutamate receptors are also expressed by nociceptive primary afferent neurons, i.e. 

Trans-4-N,N-diaryl aminostilbenes were synthesized by Verkade in a one-pot sequential procedure, consisting of sequential C—N and C—N bond formations [194], Today, these compounds are widely used as electrophotographic photoconductors and receptors. By using 4-aminostyrene and bromobenzene derivatives as... 

This chapter reports some examples of ditopic receptors that use hydrogen-bonding interactions to recognize anions. 

The formed henzyl bromides can then potentially be used in a range of telescoped chemical transformations, including alkylations. The flow synthesis of a number of receptor ligands, using ben l bromides, has been demonstrated by Ulven. Alternatively, C-C bond coupling reactions can be performed using flow electrosynthesis, as shown in Scheme 12.6. ... 

This also holds tme for biomaterials, where the quadruple bonds associated to PCL polymers and different peptidic receptor are useful in the generation of a scaffold for cell growth, most of all stem cells, certainly, this is just the beginning of applicative features in supramolecular hydrogen-bonded polymers (Bankers et al, 2005 Bankers and Meijer, 2007). 

---