Interplanar spacing

For diffraction studies with monocliromatic radiation, the crystal is connnonly mounted on an Eulerian cradle, which can rotate the crystal so that the nonnal to any set of planes bisects the angle between the incident and reflected beams, which is set for reflection from planes with a particular value of the interplanar spacing, d. 

Interplanar Spacings. Diffractometer alignment procedures require the use of a well-prepared polycrystalline specimen. Two standard samples found to be suitable are silicon and a-quartz (including Novaculite). The 26 values of several of the most intense reflections for these materials are listed in Table 7.6 (Tables of Interplanar Spacings d vs. Diffraction Angle 26 for Selected Targets, Picker Nuclear, White Plains, N.Y., 1966). To convert to d for Ka or to d for Ka2, multiply the tabulated d value (Table 7.6) for Ka by the factor given below ... 

PAN fibers develop a structure with little point-to-point relationship between atoms in neighboring basal planes. This structure is labeled the turbostratic configuration and is characterized by interplanar spacing values greater than 0.344 nm. The crystallite size in the direction normal to the basal planes, or stack height (L, ), in turbostratic graphite is typically less than 5 nm. 

Reflex type Relative intensity Diffraction indices (hkl) Interplanar spacing d/, / (A) Glancing angle for CuK -2Q/, ( )... 

Since the crystal is a periodic array of atoms in which the interatomic distances and interplanar spacings are of the same order of magnitude as the wavelengths of the readily available x-rays, e.g.- the Ka radiations, we... 

The first term is related to the (surface weighted) average size, whereas the second is a function of the microstrains. The first term is the same for all peaks, whereas the second depends on the interplanar spacing, "d", of the diffraction planes, and is proportional to 1/d. The... 

Table 1. Interplanar spacings from the TED patterns and the reported values.

The term 47r(qAzA+ qBzB) is a free-charge term, resembling that of an ideal capacitor of surface charge density qA = -qB and interplanar spacing zA - zB. 

Any theory which includes an infinite barrier to metal electrons at the interface will make the reciprocal capacitance too large because it makes the effective interplanar spacing of the inner-layer capacitor too large.76 This is why Rice s early5 results (see below) were so incorrect. The fact that the electron tail penetrates a region of higher dielectric constant further reduces the calculated inverse capacity.30,77... 

Experimental Determined Average Interplanar Spacings of Ti2N(nm)... 

Further analysis of these XRD profiles shows that the width of the 002 peak decreases as the reaction temperature increases. Its position is approximately the same for both 800°C and 1000°C, which indicates that the graphitic interplanar spacing (0.334 nm) is developed in these powders at temperatures as low as 800°C. This is also in agreement with the TEM and Raman analysis. As the reaction temperature increases, the 101 band also splits into 100 and 101 peaks. 

XRD data for selected samples are shown in Table 1. The interplanar spacings, doo2 and doo4, were evaluated from the positions of the 002 and 004 peaks respectively by applying Bragg s equation. The crystallite size Lc along the c-axis was calculated from the 002 peak using the Sherrer formula... 

Fig. 19 Shear plane system with periodic force centres spaced at a distance p along the shear direction x and with an interplanar spacing dc according to the model of Frenkel [19]...

For an interplanar spacing, d0 the shear angle in engineering notation is given by 9y=9x/dc. As the shear modulus is defined by g=9r/9y, it follows that... 

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