Ordering parallel

The latest trend is to smaller beads in smaller columns, as this saves eluent and shortens the time for a chromatographic analysis. This argument can be correct if only one suitable detector is used. However, these modern small columns are not optimal for a combination of detectors. So-called multiple detection is a combination of some detectors with different measurement principles (differential refractometer, spectral photometer, light-scattering detector, on-line viscometer) behind the last column, mostly in series, seldom in a branched ( parallel ) order. In this way, the tedious preparative fractionation of a polymer sample can often be avoided. 

Hence, Flory s theory offers an objective criterion for chain flexibility and makes possible to divide all the variety of macromolecules into flexible-chain (f > 0.63) and rigid-chain (f < 0.63) ones. In the absence of kinetic hindrance, all rigid-chain polymers must form a thermodynamically stable organized nematic phase at some polymer concentration in solution which increases with f. At f > 0.63, the macromolecules cannot spontaneously adopt a state of parallel order under any conditions. 

Figure 15 describes the decrease in the flexibility f of the macromolecules during melt stretching (corresponding to an increase in /3m) with x. According to Flory s criterion, the diminution of the flexibility of molecules to the value of f < 0.63 leads to a spontaneous transition of the system into the state of parallel order. It can be seen in Fig. 15 that f = 0. is attained at x = 30 or o = 0.6 x 107 n/m2 at these stresses, the melt is organized into a nematic state. 

Needle coke Ribbonlike parallel-ordered anisotropic domains that can also occur as folded structures... 

Note 4 SmA2 and SmC2 phases form bilayers with anti-parallel ordering of the molecules. 

The total momenta of two shells if1 if-1 may be coupled by four coupling schemes of the type (11.2)—(11.5), whereas the momenta of four subshells, obtained when jj coupling is valid in these shells, may be coupled according to above-mentioned schemes in parallel or successively. Let us consider first the case of parallel order coupling. Then, utilizing the same method as in the case of one shell, we find the following expression for the two-shell transformation matrix in terms of the one-shell matrices ... 

Lattice Model Carlo simulations of a block copolymer confined between parallel hard walls by Kikuchi and Binder (1993,1994) revealed a complex interplay between film thickness and lamellar period. In the case of commensurate length-scales (f an integral multiple of d), parallel ordering of lamellae was observed. On the other hand, tilted or deformed lamellar structures, or even coexistence of lamellae in different orientations, were found in the case of large incommensurability. Even at temperatures above the bulk ODT, weak order was observed parallel to the surface and the transition from surface-induced order to bulk ordering was found to be gradual. The latter observations are in agreement with the experimental work of Russell and co-workers (Anastasiadis et al. 1989 Menelle et al. 1992) and Foster et al. (1992). 

Linearity of the polysaccharide primary chains facilitates parallel ordering of the tertiary structures in two (e.g., 0 sheets of cellulose) and three... 

What happens if the lipid molecules of an artificial membrane themselves contain polymerizable groups and are polymerized after a vesicle membrane has been formed from the monomers Will the polymerization chain reaction run through the whole of a monolayer and will the polymer retain the vesicle structure Or will parallel ordered clusters be formed and will the vesicle be ruptured The answers to most of these questions are frustrating domains do... 

Conformable (stratigraphy) describes strata or stratification characterized by an unbroken sequence in which the layers are formed one above the other in parallel order by regular, uninterrupted deposition under the same general conditions. 

All simulations were performed for T = 1.35 and m = 3.0. These parameters have already been employed in earlier simulations of bulk DSS fluids for which long-range parallel order at sufficiently high densities or pressures was observed [262-265]. 

An important difference between the confined system and the bulk, however, concerns the thermodynamic conditions related to the onset of long-range parallel order. In fact, based on the data plotted in the two parts of Fig. 6.8, we conclude that in the confined system the onset of order occurs at somewhat lower pressures/densities, indicating that the walls promote rather than inhibit spontaneous orientational order. This result is, at least at first sight, rather surprising, because the substrates in the current system do not couple directly to the fluid particle dipole moments. A rationale for this shift of the onset of spontaneous order in the confined relative to the bulk fluid is offered in Ref. 257 where we basically employ entropic arguments. 

Ribbonlike parallel-ordered anisotropic domains that can also occur as folded structures Lenticular anisotropic domains of various sizes that are not aligned parallel to the particle surface Ribbon and lenticular anisotropic domains of various sizes in curved and irregular layered arrangements Porous microstructure with walls that are generally anisotropic but with pores and walls that vary in size Ribbon and lenticular anisotropic domains arranged in concentric patterns to form shothke coke Isotropic carbon form closely associated with parent hquor. Higher in volatile matter than incipient mesophase... 

Parallel relations of options in both diagrams, such as < <, > > and —. E.g., the parallel relation < < means that scenario x < scenario y in HD1 and scenario x < scenario y in HD2. Parallel order relations indicate a similar ranking of options in the two compared Hasse Diagrams and thus there is no evaluation conflict. 

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