Silicon oxychlorides

Silicon oxychloride, in fiber optic fabrication, 11 138 Silicon-oxygen (Si-O) backbone, in moisture-curing silicones, 22 32... 

Ladenburg, partly in collaboration with Friedel, published researches on inorganic (silicon chloroform, silicon-oxalic acid Si2H204, silicon oxychloride, etc.), and organic (aliphatic and aromatic) compounds of silicon. He established the formula Su2(C2H5)g for tin triethyP discovered by Cahours (see p. 511), and prepared other organic tin compounds. He proved that mesity-lene is symmetrical trimethylbenzene. His work on the structure of benzene is considered elsewhere (p. 802). 

In the production of titanium, the chlorination of rutile generates approximately 0.12 tons of waste for every ton of titanium tetrachloride produced. If ilmenite is directly chlorinated, the amount of waste is 1.5 tons for every ton of titanium tetrachloride. Large amounts of ferric chloride are produced along with volatile chlorides and oxychlorides (e.g., aluminum trichloride, silicon tetrachloride, carbon oxychloride, tin tetrachloride, vanadium tetrachloride, vanadium oxychloride) these can be removed by selective distillation. In flu-idized-bed chlorination, the build-up of liquid calcium chloride and magnesium chloride in the fluid bed interferes with the process of fluidization and hence these must be removed. 

Phosphorus oxychloride 10025-87-3 Organic synthesis Plasticizers Gasoline additives Hydraulic fluids Insecticides Dopant for semiconductor grade silicon Flame retardants Tabun (GA) 1.05... 

SELENIUM TETRACHLORIDE SELENIUM HEXAFLUORIDE SELENIUM OXYCHLORIDE SELENIUM DIOXIDE SILICON... 

Pyrosulphuryl Chloride, S205C12.—Rose first prepared this substance in 1838 by the interaction of sulphur trioxide and sulphur monochloride.4 It is formed by the action of many chlorides on sulphur trioxide sulphur monochloride,4 thionyl chloride,5 silicon tetrachloride,6 phosphorus pentachloride,7 phosphorus oxychloride,8 sodium chloride 9 and carbon tetrachloride 10 all yield the desired product when treated with sulphur trioxide at a suitable temperature. With sodium chloride a mixture of pyrosulphufyl chloride and sodium pyrosulphate is obtained, whilst with the exception of carbon tetrachloride and phosphorus pentachloride, which are converted into oxychlorides, all the remaining chlorides are changed into oxides ... 

Sulphur, selenium and tellurium are soluble in the oxychloride in the cold, but on heating, reaction may take place. Sulphur interacts to form selenium monochloride, sulphur monochloride and sulphur dioxide. Tellurium is converted into its tetrachloride. Both red and yellow phosphorus react violently with the oxychloride, forming phosphorus pentoxide and selenium mono- and tetra-chlorides. Carbon, silicon and boron are unattacked. 

Uses. The most important commercial use for benzonitrile is the synthesis of benzoguanamine, which is a derivative of melamine and is used in protective coatings and molding resins (see Amino RESINS Cyanamides). Other uses for benzonitrile are as an additive in nickel-plating baths, for separating naphthalene and alkylnaphthalenes from nonaromatics by azeotropic distillation (qv), as a jet-fuel additive, in cotton bleaching baths, as a drying additive for acrylic fibers, and in the removal of titanium tetrachloride and vanadium oxychloride from silicon tetrachloride. 

The most widespread technique, however, is the chlorination of titanium dioxide with chlorine or chlorine-containing substances (carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, sulftuyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, silicon tetrachloride). These reactions give high yield at high temperatures (800 °C and more) the chlorination with free chlorine occurs at noticeable speed only in the presence of reducing agents (e.g., coal). If there is a lack of coal, the reaction forms carbon dioxide if there is an excess of coal, it releases carbon oxide ... 

Absorption op Hydrocarbons. One of the newest substitution methods does not involve conversion of free metal to metallic halide as a part of the process. Instead, unsaturated hydrocarbons or carbon monoxide are absorbed directly by silicon tetrachloride at pressures of 10 to 100 atm. and in the presence of metallic chlorides or oxychlorides as catalysts.13 If ethylene is absorbed, the product is -chloroethyltrichlorosilane ... 

Shtetter synthesis. The process of forming chloroalkyl compounds of silicon by absorbing unsaturated hydrocarbons in silicon tetrachloride under pressure and with the aid of metallic chlorides or oxychlorides as catalysts. The method was patented by I. I. Shtetter in 1935. 

Liquids agreeing with (3) are called normal liquids they include benzene and other hydrocarbons (aliphatic and aromatic), ether, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulphide, ethyl iodide, nickel carbonyl, sulphuryl chloride, sulphur chloride, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus oxychloride, silicon tetrachloride, and nitrogen dioxide. 

The photodecomposition of SiHCl3 by sunlight for several days in the presence of O2 at 80 °C was studied by Besson and Fournier. HCl was evolved and O2 disappeared. Oxychlorides of silicon were produced, from which (8103)20 was isolated. Action of O3 on SiHQ3 at low temperatures also produced (8103)20 and a viscous liquid containing higher oxychlorides. 

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