Neurons in adults

The adult hippocampus also contains progenitors/ stem cells that are capable of differentiating into new hippocampal granule neurons. Hippocampal progenitor cells will give rise to new neurons in adult rodent, primate, and human brains (Eriksson et ah, 1998). The new hippocampal granule cells extend axons that are appropriately connected to the pyramidal cells in the CAS region. 

Kempermann, G., Kuhn, H.G., Gage, F.H. (1997). More hippocampal neurons in adult mice living in an enriched environment. Nature, 386, 493-5. 

Kato, T., Yokouchi, K, Fukushima, N., Kawagishi, K., Li, Z., Moriizumi, T. (2001). Continual replacement of newly-generated olfactory neurons in adult rats. Neurosci Lett, 307, 17-20. 

Dramatic evidence of estrogen s trophic properties can be observed in hypothalamic and hippocampal neurons in adult female experimental animals within days... 

Kuan CY, Schloemer AJ, Lu A, Burns KA, Weng WL, Williams MT, Strauss KI, Vorhees CV, Flaved RA, Davis RJ, Sharp FR, Rakic P (2004) Hypoxia-ischemia induces DNA synthesis without cell proliferation in dying neurons in adult rodent brain. J Neurosci 24 10763-10772... 

Yang K, Kumamoto E, Furue H, Li Y-Q, Yoshimura M (1999) Action of capsaicin on dorsal root-evoked synaptic transmission to substantia gelatinosa neurons in adult rat spinal cord slices. Brain Res 830 268... 

Gustafsson, M. K. S. Wikgren, M. C. (1981a). Peptidergic and aminergic neurons in adult Diphyllobothrium dendriticum Nitzsch, 1824 (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea). Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 64 121-34. 

Aguayo AJ, Vidal-Sanz M, Villegas-Perez MP, Bray GM (1987) Growth and connectivity of axotomized retinal neurons in adult rats with optic nerves substituted by PNS grafts linking the eye and the midbrain. Ann N Y Acad Sci 495 1-9. 

During the past decade the idea of human brain plasticity has been reinvigorated by evidence of neurogenesis (the production of new neurons) in adult primates,3 and in many other... 

The method described herein has been successfully used in our laboratory to label corrico-cortical associative pyramidal neurons in adult rats [33, 34] and mice [35]. We have also used the same technique to label the corrico-thalamic neurons of rats in a Golgi-like fashion [36]. The observation of pyramidal neurons in the hemisphere contralateral to the injected cortical site confirmed that callosal neurons display a complete filling of the dendritic tree, similar to what is observed for ipsilateral, associative neurons [33-35]. For the sake of clarity, we provide a detailed description only for the experimental protocol concerning the retrograde labeling of corrico-cortical associative projections in Wistar rats. The protocol can be easily extended and adapted to other species and/or projections. 

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