Nonneuronal cells

Since the body s ability to replace lost neurons (i.e., such as via neurogenesis) is quite limited when compared to many nonneuronal cells, degenerative processes affecting neurons can be quite devastating. 

CNTF supports survival and differentiation of selected neuron populations including sensory, sympathetic, and motoneurons. Also, nonneuronal cells, such as... 

Miura K, Koide N, Himeno S, Nakagawa I, Imura N. 1999. The involvement of microtubular disruption in methyhnercury-induced apoptosis in neuronal and nonneuronal cell lines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 160 279-288. 

The nervous system contains an unusually diverse set of intermediate filaments (Table 8-2) with distinctive cellular distributions and developmental expression [21, 22]. Despite their molecular heterogeneity, all intermediate filaments appear as solid, rope-like fibers 8-12 nm in diameter. Neuronal intermediate filaments (NFs) can be hundreds of micrometers long and have characteristic sidearm projections, while filaments in glia or other nonneuronal cells are shorter and lack sidearms (Fig. 8-2). The existence of NFs was established long before much was known about their biochemistry or properties. As stable cytoskeletal structures, NFs were noted in early electron micrographs, and many traditional histological procedures that visualize neurons are based on a specific interaction of metal stains with NFs. 

Kinesins mediate anterograde transport in a variety of organisms and tissues. Since its discovery, much has been learned about the biochemical, pharmacological and molecular properties of kinesin [44, 45], Kinesin is the most abundant member of the kinesin family in vertebrates and is widely distributed in neuronal and nonneuronal cells. The holoenzyme is a heterotetramer comprising two heavy chains (115-130 kDa) and two light... 

Clement, A. M., Nguyen, M. D., Roberts, E. A. etal. Wild-type nonneuronal cells extend survival of SOD1 mutant motor neurons in ALS mice. Science 302 113-117,2003. 

Ching, G. Y. and Liem, R. K. Assembly of type IV neuronal intermediate filaments in nonneuronal cells in the absence of preexisting cytoplasmic intermediate filaments. /. Cell Biol. 122 1323-1335, 1993. 

Monteiro, M. J., Hoffman, P. N., Gearhart, J. D. and Cleveland, D. W. Expression of NF-L in both neuronal and nonneuronal cells of transgenic mice increased neurofilament density in axons without affecting caliber. /. Cell Biol. Ill 1543-1557,1990. 

An inhibition of DNA and protein synthesis in glioma and neuroblastoma cells has been found at the same mercury concentration [ 145, 146], neurons being much more sensitive to mercuric chloride than nonneuronal cells [147]. 

Chaddock, J.A., Purkiss, J.R., Friis, L.M., Broadbridge, J.D., Duggan, M.J. Fooks, S.J., Shone, C.C., Quinn, C.P. and Foster, K.A., Inhibition of vesicular secretion in both neuronal and nonneuronal cells by a retargeted endopeptidase derivate of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type A, Infect. Immun., 68, 2587-2593, 2000. 

Adrenergic receptors are located throughout the body on neuronal and nonneuronal cells where they mediate a diverse range of responses to the endogenous catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline. To date, nine... 

Untoward effects of levodopa are dyskinesia and rapid fluctuations related to rigidity, which may suddenly worsen. Psychologic effects such as confusion, disorientation, insomnia, and nightmares are common in 20% of patients. Various transplantation approaches have been tried based on the injection of dissociated fetal cells directly into the substantia nigra. An alternative approach includes the use of genetically modified nonneuronal cells (e.g., fibroblasts), so that they will secrete missing mediators such as dopamine and growth factors.62... 

Pardee, J. D., Cohen-Gould, L., McConlogue, L. (1991). Overexpression of tau in a nonneuronal cell induces long cellular processes. J. Cell Biol. 114, 725-733. 

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