Shock anaphylactic symptom

The most serious acute Type I reaction is the generalized reaction, the anaphylactic shock. Anaphylactic shock results from a generalized release of mediators from mast cells and basophils. The clinical symptoms are manifested predominantly in... 

Aside from the severe cardiovascular collapse observed in major anaphylactic shock, all symptoms may occur in a milder form such as generalized urticaria, angioneurotic edema, and asthmatic attacks. In general, the faster the symptoms appear after injection or ingestion of the drug, the more severe the reaction. 

Generalized urticaria Anaphylactic shock Anaphylactoid symptoms Serum-like disease Angioneurotic edema Generalized exanthema Contact eczema Blood dyscrasias Pruritus Local reactions Asthma Others... 

Cu(II)(histamine)Cl2 at l/50th the dose of histamine produced the same subliminal anaphylactic symptoms as histamine. Injection of CUSO4 2 min before the injection of a non-lethal dose of histamine caused death by anaphylactic shock in all mice within 10 min. The anaphylactic LD50 value for Cu(IIXhistamine)Cl2 was found to be 1/I6th the anaphylactic LDso dose of histamine. These data support the suggestion that histamine-induced vascular permeability as an acute phase inflammatory reaction may be mediated by a Cu-histamine complex following degranulation of mast cells in the connective tissue spaces. 

Anaphylactic shock is an extremely serious allergic drug reaction that usually occurs shortly after the administration of a drug to which the individual is sensitive This type of allergic reaction requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms of anaphylactic shock are listed in Table 1-2. 

All or only some of these symptoms may be present. Anaphylactic shock can be fatal if the symptoms are not identified and treated immediately. Treatment is to raise the blood pressure improve breathing, restore cardiac function, and treat other symptoms as they occur. 

Although these drug s are sometimes used to treat allergies, a drug allergy can occur with the use of an antihistamine Symptoms that may indicate an allergy to these drugs include skin rash, urticaria, and anaphylactic shock. 

The response varies, depending on the individual and the allergen. The worst case is that anaphylactic shock arises when gastrointestinal, cutaneous and respiratory symptoms occur in conjunction with a dramatic fall in blood pressure and cardiovascular complications. Death can occur within minutes of anaphylactic shock. Table 4 lists the other symptoms of IgE allergy. 

The answer is a. (Hardman, p 224.) Epinephrine is the drug of choice to relieve the symptoms of an acute, systemic, immediate hypersensitivity reaction to an allergen (anaphylactic shock). Subcutaneous administration of a 1 1000 solution of epinephrine rapidly relieves itching and urticaria, and this may save the life of the patient when laryngeal edema and bronchospasm threaten suffocation and severe hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias become life-endangering. Norepinephrine, isoproterenol, and atropine are ineffective therapies Angioedema is responsive to antihis-... 

Do we always have an effective antidote available that can terminate the symptoms Or, will we be at a point of no return, unable to accommodate a volunteer who wants to stop immediately Is there a crash cart available to deal with anaphylactic shock, a sudden dangerous fall in blood pressure or some other unforeseen emergency Is the degree of discomfort likely to be excessive in some cases, going beyond what one or more review authorities would consider humane ... 

Clemastine is used for allergy symptoms, rhinites, Quinke s edema, anaphylactic shock, hay fever, allergic dermatitis and dermatosis, and chronic eczema. Synonyms of this drug are tavegil and meclastine. 

Many different symptoms can occur during IgE-mediated food allergies including cutaneous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and sometimes cardiovascular symptoms (Table 4.3). Reactions can sometimes be fairly mild, but severe and life-threatening reactions involving symptoms such as lar)mgeal edema, asthma, and anaphylactic shock can occur on occasion. 

The vasodilatory effect of Hi-receptor stimulation is mainly due to an endothelial release of nitric oxide, which is able to activate the soluble guany-late cyclase in vascular smooth muscle cells. This effect is mainly responsible for the erythema seen after injection (insect sting) of histamine. Furthermore, it is responsible, together with the increased capillary permeability, for the cardiovascular symptoms seen in anaphylactic or allergic shock. 

Once Rachel was hospitalized the doctors put her on Prozac. The trial of Prozac was short, however, because it made her so sick to her stomach. The replacement, Well-butrin, was even worse it threw her into anaphylactic shock. Shortly after taking the medication she noticed hives on her body. A nurse dismissed the symptom, insisting that it could not be caused by the medication. But Rachel woke up the next morning covered with hives, and she was not breathing well. Fortunately, shots of adrenaline and epinephrine solved the problem. 

Adverse effects include gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, diarrhoea, hypersensitivity reactions like rash, urticaria, angioedema, exceptionally bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock dizzy sensations (caution in driving or use of machinery) moderate increase in ASAT, ALAT and/or alkaline phosphatases cholestatic or more rarely acute liver injury. 

Histamine was synthesized in 1907 and later isolated from mammalian tissues. Early hypotheses concerning the possible physiologic roles of tissue histamine were based on similarities between the effects of intravenously administered histamine and the symptoms of anaphylactic shock and tissue injury. Marked species variation is observed, but in humans histamine is an important mediator of immediate allergic (such as urticaria) and inflammatory reactions, although it plays only a modest role in anaphylaxis. Histamine plays an important role in gastric acid secretion (see Chapter 62) and functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator (see Chapters 6 and 21). Newer evidence indicates that histamine also plays a role in chemotaxis of white blood cells. 

Thus, the result can be a variety of symptoms of different severity, ranging from mild skin rashes to occasionally fatal anaphylactic shock. 

Experiments were also made on anaphylaxis. Since young rabbits are said to be more sensitive to anaphylactic shock, the experiments were made with young rabbits weighing about 800 grams. A rabbit was sensitized by a subcutaneous injection of 1.0 cc. of a twenty-two per cent egg-white sol. Twenty-one days later, 0.8 cc. of a ten per cent sodium thiocyanate solution was injected intravenously. This was followed twenty minutes later by the intravenous injection of 2.0 cc. of a twenty per cent egg-white sol. Absolutely no symptoms of shock were noted, while the control rabbit suffered a severe anaphylactic shock. 

Other effects associated with NRTIs include pancreatitis, CNS toxicity (headache, irritability, insomnia), and gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, diarrhea). Abacavir can cause an allergic (hypersensitivity) reaction that produces symptoms such as fever, joint and muscle pain, skin rashes, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.32 In severe cases, this reaction can progress to anaphylactic shock and possibly death. 

Histamine was synthesized in 1907 and later isolated from mammalian tissues. Early hypotheses concerning the possible physiologic roles of tissue histamine were based on similarities between histamine s actions and the symptoms of anaphylactic shock and tissue injury. Marked species variation is observed, but in humans histamine is an important mediator of immediate allergic and... 

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