Shipping characteristics

Prediction of ship squat depends on ship characteristics and chaimel configurations. These factors are often combined to create new normalized parameters to describe the squat phenomenon. 

The use of slate sulfur for bulk overseas shipments has partially alleviated the problem of dusting, but it has not been entirely effective in this respect. It has been proposed that pelletizing or prilling of elemental sulfur would provide a more satisfactory product for large-scale movement in international trade. Several relatively small plants for the production of pellets or prills have been built to evaluate these products from the standpoint of shipping characteristics, dusting problems and customer acceptance. 

With respect to fuels utilized as heating fuels for industrial furnaces, or as motor fuels for large diesel engines such as those in ships or power generation sets, the characteristics of primary importance are viscosity, sulfur content and the content of extremely heavy materials (asphaltenes) whose combustion can cause high emissions of particulates which are incompatible with antipollution legislation. 

Laser Doppler Velocimeters. Laser Doppler flow meters have been developed to measure Hquid or gas velocities in both open and closed conduits. Velocity is measured by detecting the frequency shift in the light scattered by natural or added contaminant particles in the flow. Operation is conceptually analogous to the Doppler ultrasonic meters. Laser Doppler meters can be appHed to very low flows and have the advantage of sensing at a distance, without mechanical contact or interaction. The technique has greatest appHcation in open-flow studies such as the deterrnination of engine exhaust velocities and ship wake characteristics. 

Heat-transfer aspects and performance were studied and reported on by Depew and Farbar (ASME Pap. 62-HT-14, September 1962). Heat-transfer coefficient characteristics are similar to those shown in Sec. 11 for the indirectly heated fluid bed. Another frequent application on plastics is a sm, rather incidental but necessary amount of drying required for plastic pellets and powders on receipt when shipped in bulk to the users. Pneumatic conveyors modifiea for heat transfer can handle this readily. 

The choice of shipping in package or bulk depends on market requirements and economics. Produces from different sources that tend to have the same characteristics (appearance, quahty, price) are usually offered in bulk form. Those tending to be specialties, while sometimes offered in small bulk units, usu y are sold in packages. Many products are sold in both ways. A comparison of the costs of typical package and bulk units is given in Table 21-17. 

Equipment for Hazardous-Wastes Collection The eqmp-ment used for collection varies with the characteristics of the wastes. For short-haul distances, drum storage and collecdion with an enclosed trailer are often preferred methods. Full-size drums are usually shipped four to a pallet. Smaller sizes are stacked and/or wrapped up to 10 per pallet. As hauling distances increase, larger tank trucks, trailers, and railroad tank cars are used. 

Further chapters cover in detail the characteristics and applications of galvanic anodes and of cathodic protection rectifiers, including specialized instruments for stray current protection and impressed current anodes. The fields of application discussed are buried pipelines storage tanks tank farms telephone, power and gas-pressurized cables ships harbor installations and the internal protection of water tanks and industrial plants. A separate chapter deals with the problems of high-tension effects on pipelines and cables. A study of costs and economic factors concludes the discussion. The appendix contains those tables and mathematical derivations which appeared appropriate for practical purposes and for rounding off the subject. 

Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as normally shipped) Liquid Color Colorless Odor Penetrating, fruity sharp pungent. 

Chemical DesignationsDimethyl Ketone, 2-Propanone Chemical Formula CH3COCH3. Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as rwrmally shipped) Liquid Color Colorless Odor Sweetish pleasant, resembling that of mint or fruit pungent, sharp, penetrating, ketonic pleasant, nonresidual. 

Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as normally shipped) Liquid Color Colorless to slight yellow Odor Extremely sharp - lachrymator piercing and disagreeable extremely Physical and Chemical Properties - Physical State at 15 °C and 1 atm. Liquid Molecular Weight 56.1 Boiling Point at 1 atm. 127, 53, 326 Freezing Point -125, -87, 186 Critical Temperature 489, 254, 527 Critical Pressure 737, 50.0, 5.08 Specific Gravity 0.843 at 20 °C (liquid) Vcq>or (Gas) Density 1.94 Ratio of Specific Heats of Vapor (Gas) 1.1487 Latent Heat of Vaporization 216, 120, 5.02 Heat of Combustion -12500, -6950, -290 Heat of Decomposition Not pertinent. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride Chemical Formula AICI3 Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as normally shipped) Solid Color Orange to yellow through gray to white Odor Like hydrogen chloride like hydrochloric acid. 

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