Shell Chemical Alcohols

Eig. 6. Elow diagram for the Shell Chemical alcohol-olefin complex, Geismar, Louisiana, and Stanlow, United Kingdom. 

Catalytic Oligomeri tion. Shell Chemical provides C —C linear internal olefin feedstock for detergent oxo alcohol production from its SHOP... 

In the former USSR, there reportedly are two technologies in use one is old anthrahydroquinone autoxidation technology and the other is closed-loop isopropyl alcohol oxidation technology. Production faciUties include several smaller, 100-150-t/yr isopropyl alcohol oxidation plants and a larger, 15,000-t/yr plant, which reportedly is being expanded to 30,000-t/yr. Differences in this technology as compared to the Shell Chemical Co. process are the use of oxygen-enriched air in the oxidation step and, catalytic reduction of the coproduct acetone back to isopropyl alcohol per equation 21. 

CH2 CH.CH2.OH mw 58.09 OB to C02 -220.35% colorl, mobile liq with a pungent odor mp —129° bp 96.9°, d 0.8520g/cc at 20/4° RI 1.4127, 1.4133, 1.4135 (Sep values). V sol in w, ethanol and ether. Prepn is by the high temp chlorination of propene, followed by hydrolysis of allyl chloride. Thus,. . Allyl chloride is hydrolyzed at 200psi pressure, 150°C and a pH range of 10—12. Injection of steam forms a water-allyl alcohol azeotrope, which is then treated with diallyl ether to remove water. Final purification by distn leads to a 98% min assay. . (Ref 2). Using procedures such as the above, ... at least two American companies (Shell Chemical Co and Dow Chemical Co) produce a total of several million lbs per year... (Ref 2)... 

Kiibler, K. S., C. A. Caico, Lin-Vien, D. and French, R. N Byproduct Emissions from Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) Studies on the Release of Acrolein and Allyl Alcohol During Processing, Storage, and Shipping of PTT, Technical Information Report, WTC-3659, Shell Chemical Company, Houston, TX, 2000. 

Shell Chemical has a process that does both the Oxo reaction and hydroformyiation in one step in the same reactor. They use a special catalyst, thought to be cobalt modified with a trialkyl or triaryl phosphine ligand— but they are holding this one pretty close to the vest. Overall yields are 70-80%, with straight-chain alcohols representing greater than 80%. Major by-products are paraffins that are recovered and used to make olefins and then recycled back as feed. This process can also use internal olefins (with the double-bond somewhere besides the alpha position) and yield similar normakiso alcohol ratios. ... 

Benson, H.L. Chiu, Y. C. "Relationship of Detergency to Micellar Properties for Narrow Range Alcohol Ethoxylates". Technical Bulletin, SC 443-80, Shell Chemical Co. Houston, Texas, U.S.A., 1980. 

Shell Chemical Corp Diacetone Alcohol, SC 57-84. Ind Hyg Bull Toxicity Data Sheet, 1957... 

The teri-butyl alcohol was a commercial product obtained from the Shell Chemical Corporation, New York, New York. 

Such as Neodol 91-B alcohol ethoxylate (Shell Chemical Co.) or Rhodasurf LA-9 alcohol ethoxylate (Rhone-Poulenc). 

Allyl Alcohol. Technical Publication SC 46-32. Shell Chemical Corp.. San Francisco, CA. Nov. 1, 1946,... 

Branched chain surfactants are an important direction for finding surfactants that have greater solubility at low temperatures. An alcohol sulphate based on a branched Cl 7 alcohol was developed by Shell Chemical and patented for laundry use by Procter Gamble. This material is in use today and offers an important avenue to the future of detergent materials. 

Shell Chemicals has also developed a process where the carboxylate is prepared by direct oxidation of an ethoxylated alcohol. 

Table 5.3 Range of alcohol ethoxylates produced by Shell Chemicals ...

Shell Chemicals Neodoll Series C11 fatty alcohol ethoxylates... 

Before we leave the discussion of industrial processes, it is worth mentioning one other autoxidation process, based on the oxidation of propan-2-ol, developed by Shell Chemicals. The process was employed by Shell in its 15 000 metric tonnes per annum facility at Norco between 1957 and 1980. The process was discovered in 1954 by Harris,25 who showed that the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols formed hydrogen peroxide, and the corresponding aldehyde or ketone (Figure 1.11). 

Storage and Handling of Shell TAeodol Detergent Alcohols. Ethoxylates. andEthoxysulfates, SC 133-179, Shell Chemical Company, Houston, Tex., 1979. 

Products fvm the Chemicals Division, Procter Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1987 Ado l Fatty Alcohols, Slierex Chemical Company, Dublin, Ohio, 1986 Vista Smfactants, Industrial Chemicals, and Plastics, Vista Chemical Company, Houston, Texas, 1987 EpalUnear Primary Alcohols, Ethyl Corporation, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1985 Neodol, Shell Chemical Company, Houston, Texas, 1987 Henkel Fat Raw Materials, Henkel K.-G.a.A., Dbsseldorf, Fed. Rep. Germany. 

Alcohol ethoxylates and alcohol ethoxylate derivatives were chosen for study based on their predicted foaming properties, thermal and chemical stability, salinity tolerance, and adsorption characteristics. Table 1 illustrates the classes of surfactants used and the shorthand surfactant naming system employed. Except when noted, surfactants were developmental ENORDET surfactants from Shell Chemical Company or were research samples synthesized in our laboratory or at Koninlijke/Shell Laboratorium, Amsterdam. AES 810-2.6A was obtained from GAF Corporation. 

Figure 15. Solubility of Epon 1007 (Shell Chemical) in blends of toluene, Cellosolve Acetate (Union Carbide), and various alcohols.

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