Azeotrope, of allyl alcohol, water, and

Allyl alcohol is a colorless liquid having a pungent odor its vapor may cause severe irritation and injury to eyes, nose, throat, and lungs. It is also corrosive. Allyl alcohol is freely miscible with water and miscible with many polar organic solvents and aromatic hydrocarbons, but is not miscible with n-hexane. It forms an azeotropic mixture with water and a ternary azeotropic mixture with water and organic solvents. Allyl alcohol lias both bacterial and fungicidal effects. Properties of allyl alcohol are shown in Tabic 1. 

The checkers found this distillation to require about 15 hours. The distillate is the ternary azeotrope. It consists of 8.5% water, 9.2% allyl alcohol, and 82.2% benzene, and boils at 68.2°. The aqueous layer contains some allyl alcohol, though this loss is insignificant, since only about 15 ml. of the aqueous layer is obtained from each mole of lactic acid used. 

CH2 CH.CH2.OH mw 58.09 OB to C02 -220.35% colorl, mobile liq with a pungent odor mp —129° bp 96.9°, d 0.8520g/cc at 20/4° RI 1.4127, 1.4133, 1.4135 (Sep values). V sol in w, ethanol and ether. Prepn is by the high temp chlorination of propene, followed by hydrolysis of allyl chloride. Thus,. . Allyl chloride is hydrolyzed at 200psi pressure, 150°C and a pH range of 10—12. Injection of steam forms a water-allyl alcohol azeotrope, which is then treated with diallyl ether to remove water. Final purification by distn leads to a 98% min assay. . (Ref 2). Using procedures such as the above, ... at least two American companies (Shell Chemical Co and Dow Chemical Co) produce a total of several million lbs per year... (Ref 2)... 

Mixed vapors of acrolein and ethyl alcohol were passed over the catalyst in a heated stainless steel tube at atmospheric pressure. Products were condensed and fractionated in a 20-plate bubble tray column. Fractions taken were acetaldehyde, 20-36°, and acrolein-ethyl alcohol, 36-78.4°. At this point water was added to the distillation kettle and an ethyl alcohol-aUyl alcohol-water fraction, 78-95°, was taken overhead. Fractions were analyzed for aldehydes by the hydroxylamine hydrochloride method, for im-saturation by reaction with bromine in aqueous potassium bromide, for alcohol by the nitrite ester method, and for water with Fischer reagent. Propyl alcohol in the water-free allyl alcohol recovered from the azeotrope was calculated by difference from the total alcohol determined by reaction with acetyl chloride and the unsaturated alcohol determined by reaction with aqueous bromine solution. Fresh catalyst was used for each experiment. 

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