Shape measurable

Akbari, H. de Almeida, A. T. Connell, D. Harris, J. and Warren, M. (1988). Use of Energy Management Systems for Performance Monitoring of Industrial Load-Shaping Measures. Energy, The International Journal 1.3(. l) 2.S.V26. l. 

Investigation of Collision Processes from Line Shape Measurements... 

Y. Zhang, P. Parikh, P. Golobtsov, B. Stephenson, M. Bonsaver, J. Lee, M. Hoffinan, Wafer Shape Measurement and Its Influence on Chemical Mechanical Planarization, Meeting Abstracts of the Fall Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Abstract No. 250, pp. 629-630, San Antonio, TX, October 6-11, 1996. 

Fig. 13. Schematic of a wafer shape measured using a noncontact capacitance probe. The warp and bow are exaggerated. (Courtesy of ADE Corporation, Westwood, MA.)...

O) M.A. Cook et al, jChemPhys 24, 60-7 (1956) (Velocity-diameter and wave shape measurements and the determination of reaction rates of TNT) P) M.A. Cook ... 

Taylor (1952), 139-55 (Deton vel-charge diam relationship) 7) M.A. Cook et al, "Velocity-Diameter and Wave Shape Measurements and the Determinations of Reaction Rates in Metal Nitrate-TNT Mixtures , Univ of Utah Inst for Study of Rate Processes,... 

R.T. Keyes, "Velocity-Diameter and Wave Shape Measurements in the Determination of Reaction Rates of TNT , JChemPhys 24,... 

The relaxation results (1) for the LP sample can be summarized. Line-shape measurements indicated that motional narrowing started at around 60°C, and by 110°C, the lines appeared completely Lorentzian. The activation energy obtained from T2 above 120°C was 16.3 1.2 kcal/mol. 

The probe shape is very important. The wand should be "L" shaped, measuring 12" on both sides of the "L." This will allow coverage of 12" per pass with the wand. The wire diameter should be approximately 3/32", with a 1/2" radius at the bend. Also, the tip should be turned up to eliminate the end discharge. On the intricate parts of the configuration, a fan probe is recommended, similar to a snare drum brush. Care should be exercised not to stop and concentrate on any one area. The wand should be passed over the rubber in a continuous sweeping stroke, approximately 10 inches per second. 

Comparison of the salts sodium sulfate and sodium hydrogensulfate. Compare their crystal shapes. Measure the pH of their aqueous solutions. Add magnesium powder to both salts in solution. Add excess dilute hydrochloric acid and barium chloride solution to both solutions. 

Since it was admitted that Fermi resonances may play a role in crystalline adipic acid [102], they were incorporated in the model by using the Fourier transform of Eq. (304) in place of Eq. (279). Note that Yaremko et al. [105] also studied these spectra in a rather formal way with the aid of a general formalism [106-108], which is not without connection with that used by the Witkowski school. The left column of Fig. 24 reports the comparisons between the experimental line shapes measured by Auvert and Marechal [101] and the corresponding theoretical ones calculated by Eq. (279) in this way [98]. In this figure, the line shapes are reproduced up to down, for, respectively, 10, 100, 200, and 300 K. For each temperature, the right part is devoted to the O—H species and the left one to the O D isotopomer. The values of the parameters used for the calculations are reported in the caption of the figure. 

A basic treatment of bio-images can be proposed. Its main objective is to reduce the total amount of information contained in the gray-level or color images to focus the quantification on the key features the result of this treatment will be a binary image containing only the silhouettes of the cells of interest (their pixel values are set to 1) and the background (its pixel values are set to 0). The size and shape measurements will be later conducted on these silhouettes, and the densitometric or color analysis will use them as masks to consider only the regions of interest. 

The Raman FID for this mode (Fig. 13) is a single exponential with T2 = 0.82 ps, as expected from previous line shape measurements. Corresponding Raman echo results are shown in Fig. 14. The fit curves are derived from the FID by assuming that all the frequency modulations are fast. Simulations show that a slow component with a width of > 1 cm-1... 

Complementary spin-lattice relaxation measurements corroborate the observations made using the 2H line-shape measurements. Based on these measurements the low temperature relaxation times are dramatically shorter in the intercalated sample as compared to the bulk, indicating enhanced polymer re-orientation dynamics in the intercalated samples. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the relaxation time in the bulk and intercalated sample show dramatic differences. While the relaxation time for the intercalated sample passes smoothly from low to high temperatures, the bulk sample shows a break between the crystalline state and melt state, with the melt state relaxation times at least one order of magnitude faster than those observed in the intercalated sample at the same temperature. 

ID NMR parameters such as SLR time and line shape measurements give information about the dynamics of the intra-bond O-H-O motion along with reorien-tational motion of symmetric groups in the dipolar glasses. However, the information obtained from such studies is limited hence reports of such studies are meagre. In the corresponding deuterated analogues much more information... 

The flow Q to the flowmeter is divided into two parallel flow streams entering one of two omega-shaped measuring loops 1 and 2. 

In the most simplistic means of defining particle shape, measurements may be classified as either macroscopic or microscopic methods. Macroscopic methods typically determine particle shape using shape coefficients or shape factors, which are often calculated from characteristic properties of the particle such as volume, surface area, and mean particle diameter. Microscopic methods define particle texture using fractals or Fourier transforms. Additionally electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis have proved useful for shape analysis of fine particles. 

Beoause the amplification faotor of the horn is dictated by its shape, measurements can be made on any surface normal to the longitudinal centreline. This affords measuring outside a sealed pressure vessel, even by direct contact, without breaching the vessel. 

Ring inversion of crown family conformations generally proceeds by interconversion, over a relatively high barrier (10 to 12 kcal/mole), to boat-chairs, which invert relatively easily. Pseudorotation barriers in crown family conformations such as the twist-chair-chair are extremely low and not detectable by direct hne-shape measurements. 

Many papers have been written on shape determination but there are few articles that relate the measurements to powder behavior and end-use properties. Hawkins [8] critically reviews nearly 300 articles on particle shape measurement and Singh and Ramakrishnan [9]review seventy-six articles on powder characterization by particle shape assessment. 

Shapespeare Corporation s Juliet features single particle size and shape measurement together with fractal analysis as well as conventional classical measurements. It also measures size and shape distributions for sets of particles with image manipulation and data graphing capability. 

Higgins M. D. (1996b) Magma dynamics beneath Kameni volcano, Thera, Greece, as revealed by crystal size and shape measurements. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 70, 37-48. 

Equations (28) and (29) are generalized. They can work well even if the infrared peak has no intensity or peak shape measurement, i.e., when Ij - C/yl = 0 or Wj- CWj = 0. This feature is required because it may be hard to measure infrared peak intensity or peak shape. 

The fully saturated pyrazolidines have been utilized as models for the study of the nitrogen inversion of hydrazines. For instance, (75), a 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene derivative, presents a consecutive inversion process at two nitrogen atoms with an activation barrier of 59 kJ moF determined by proton line-shape measurements (67JA81). Monocyclic... 

Pseudo-Voigt peak shape function. Asymmetry was changed to Finger, Cox and Jephcoat approximation, which better represents peak shapes measured on this powder diffractometer using Mo Ka radiation, see section 6.10. 

An Imhoff cone is used to determine the settleable solids content of treated waste waters to check efficiency of treatment. This cone-shaped measuring device, of IL capacity and made of transparent glass or plastic, is graduated down the side to units of tenths of a milliliter at its lower apex. The sample is placed in the cone and allowed to stand for a period of 1 hr. Then the volume of the solids layer settled is read directly from the graduations on the side. 

---