Shake-out

Vacuum bonded sand moulds are destroyed by releasing the vacuum. The casting bucket or moulding box, containing the loose sand and the casting, is emptied and then the casting is cooled by one of the described methods. 

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FIGURE 10.85 Practical application to remove dusts from a shaking-out machine. Supply airflow rate is 2.88m S , exhaust airflow rate is 9.i8 m s. ... 

The technical method for obtaining phenol is by shaking out with caustic soda the middle oil of the coal-tar distill ate,. after some of the naphthalene has crystallised out. The phenol dis-soKes m the alkali, and is then lemoved fiom insoluble oils. The alkaline liquid is acidified, the phenol separated, distilled, and finally purified by freezing. 

In examining vanilla beans the determination of the vanillin is a matter of importance. Busse recommends the following process for the determination 20 grams of the pods, crushed with sand, are exhausted with ether in a Soxhlet tube, and the ethereal extract is shaken out with 20 per cent, sodium bisulphite solution. From the latter, vanillin is removed by treatment with dilute H SO, the SO2 generated removed by a current of CO, and the vanillin extracted by shaking out with ether, evaporating the solvent and weighing the residue. In East African vanilla the author found 2 16 per cent, of vanillin, in that from Ceylon 1 48 per cent., and in Tahiti vanilla from 1-55 to 2 02 per cent. Tiemann and Haarman found in the best Bourbon vanilla 1 94 to 2-90 per cent., in the best Java vanilla 2 75 per cent., and in Mexican vanilla from 1-7 to 1 9 per cent. Tahiti vanilla sometimes contains less than 1 per cent, of vanilla. 

For this purpose 10 c.c. of oil are saponified for one hour with 20 c.c. of 2/N alcoholic potash. 25 c.c. of water are then added and the bulk of the alcohol evaporated off. The solution is then almost neutralised to phenolphthalein and the unsaponified oil removed by shaking out three times with ether. 

Crucibles fitted with permanent porous plates are cleaned by shaking out as much of the solid as possible, and then dissolving out the remainder of the solid with a suitable solvent. A hot 0.1 M solution of the tetrasodium salt of the ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid is an excellent solvent for many of the precipitates [except metallic sulphides and hexacyanoferrates(III)] encountered in analysis. These include barium sulphate, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, calcium oxide, lead carbonate, lead iodate, lead oxalate, and ammonium magnesium phosphate. The crucible may either be completely immersed in the hot reagent or the latter may be drawn by suction through the crucible. 

The molds are cast and allowed to cool for a suitable time, often 30 to 40 min, before shaking out the castings. The shakeout work may be supplied by a vibrating conveyor or a rotating drum, which cause the molds to be broken up by the vibration, exposing the casting for removal. The sand... 

The main mineral components of baghouse dust are silica, clay, some resin evaporation residue, and metal fines. Its composition is related to the way it is collected. Shake-out dust mainly contains silica and clay. Metal fines may be present in the dust collected from areas used for cleaning, grinding, and melting processes. 

A simple rocking device was tested for routine determination of distribution coefficients [9], Sample cells were constructed for two-phase [9] and three-phase [10] systems. The investigators claim that the rocking action causes the shape of each phase to vary slowly and constantly and that the precision associated with the distribution coefficient is similar to that for shake-out methods. The three-phase cell was tested as an in vitro model to simulate factors involved in the absorption process. Rates of drug transfer and equilibrium drug distribution were evaluated under conditions in which one aqueous phase was maintained at pH 7.4 and the other phase was maintained at another pH. 

Heavy dusts Heavy/wet sawdust, metal turnings, foundry tumbling barrels and shake-out, sand blast dust, wood blocks, brass turnings, cast iron boring dust, lead dust 4000-4500 20-23... 

The time required for a system to reach equilibrium can be determined by shake-out tests, as described in earlier sections. Contact times are varied between about 0.5 and 15 min, at suitable intervals, and the extraction coefficient for each contact time plotted as a function of time. With this method, there is a lower practical limit on the contact time of about 0.25 min. These data will not be directly applicable to a continuous process because the rate of metal extraction is a function, in part, of the type and degree of agitation. However, a good idea of whether the extraction rate is sufficiently fast for the system to be suitable for use in a large contactor can be obtained. For example, if equilibrium is attained in less than 1 min, almost any type of contactor may be used. 

In the development of solvent extraetion systems, the initial eon-siderations of the chemistry of the system will limit the choiee of extractant, diluent, and modifier. Shake-out tests and a study of extraetion and stripping characteristics will further limit the choiee. Simple graphie eonstruetion of extraction and stripping isotherms will permit the design of a small-seale continuous operation in terms of the number of stages and flow rates. 

If the ratio be unity, the concentrations of the solute in each solvent will be the same if the ratio be far removed from unity, a correspondingly large proportion of the solute will be found in the one solvent which can be utilized to extract the Soln. from the other solvent. E.g. ether will remove ferric chloride from its aq. soln., and since many other chlorides are almost insoluble in ether, the process is utilized in analysis for the separation of iron from the other elements the solubility of cobalt thiocyanate in ether is utilized for the separation of cobalt perchromic acid is similarly separated from its aq. soln. by ether molten zinc extracts silver and gold from molten lead the extraction of organic compounds from aq. soln. by shaking out with ether or other solvent is much used in organic laboratories. 

Shake out any unadsorbed peptide, and wash the plate three times in TBS by immersion of the plate in a TBS bath Immerse the plate at an angle to avoid trapping air bubbles. Shake the plate dry... 

Shake out excess PBS from the tube, and elute the bound phage by adding 1 mL 100 mM triethylamine. 

Chloramphenicol, FLO, and TAP have strong UV absorption, and they could be determined directly by HPLC (9). Unlike many of the more polar antibiotics, these three compounds could be extracted with an organic solvent. A single shake-out with ethyl acetate was sufficient for the quantitative extraction of CAP and FLO from milk (5). The extract was cleaned up using C18 and Florisil SPE cartridges. A review of methods for the determination of three amphenicol residues in food, including eight GC methods and six LC methods for CAP in milk, has also been reported (9). 

The acidic extracts are mixed and purified from traces of dichloroethane by means of shaking out with diethyl ether. Under stirring and cooling to 15° to 20°C, about 200 ml of a 25% aqueous ammonia solution is then added up to alkaline litmus reaction (the pH is in the range of 7 to 8). Different from the indications in the art, the companion alkaloids do not precipitate. The alkaline solution is saturated with salt and extracted with diethyl ether. 

In the same manner, repeat the transfer and comparison procedure at accurately timed intervals until the a-amylase color is reached, at which time record the elapsed time. In cases where two comparisons 30 s apart show that one is darker and the other lighter than the Reference Color Standard, record the endpoint to the nearest quarter min. Shake out the 13-mm Comparator Tube between successive readings. Minimize slight differences in color discrimination between operators by using a prism attachment and by maintaining a 6- to 10-in. distance between the Comparator and the operator s eye. 

Remove the ELISA plate from the cold room and vigorously shake out the /3-galactosidase solution added to rows A to E. Fill each well in row A through E completely (to the top of each well) with wash buffer and flick the solution out as before. Invert the plate and tap vigorously several times on a piece of paper towel to remove all of the wash buffer. 

Shake out unbound antibody and wash the wells twice with 200 iL of TBS. Add 200 pL of 2% Marvel and incubate for approx 30 min at room temperature see Notes 6 and 7). Wash the wells twice with 200 pLofTBS. 

Shake out the wells and wash twice with 200 of TBS to remove unbound fos or myc proteins. 

Shake out the conjugate and wash the wells five times with 200 pL of AMPAK wash buffer (1 20 dilution of concentrate in water jeeNote 10). 

Removal Remove unit in reverse order of assembly. Clean bore of suppressor w/ 38 cal. bore brush as needed Shake out excess carbon particles. 

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