Seven barks

Synonyms Hydrangea arborescens Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea paniculata Seven bark Wild hydrangea... 

Hydrangea. Seven barks. Dried rhizome and roots of Hydrangea arborcsccnv L., Saxifragaceae. Habit. Eastern U.S. Conrm. The glucoside hydrangin, saponin, resins, fixed and volatile oils, starch. 

In 1990, Ito and Furukawa reported the isolation of furostifoline (224) and the isomeric eustifoline-D (227) from the root bark of M. euchrestifolia. These were the first furocarbazole alkaloids obtained from a natural source (101). Seven years later, Wu et al. reported the isolation of further furocarbazole alkaloids, furoclausine-A (225) and furoclausine-B (226) from the root bark of a different plant source, C. excavata (128). Furoclausine-B (226) was isolated from nature in optically active form [mId -32.73 (c 0.022, MeOH), however, the absolute stereochemistry is not known (128,175,176) (Scheme 2.55). 

Furukawa et al. reported the total synthesis of murrayaquinone A (107) by a palladium(II)-mediated oxidative cyclization of the corresponding 2-arylamino-5-methyl-l,4-benzoquinones. 2-Anilino-5-methyl-l,4-benzoquinone (842) was prepared starting from 2-methyl-l,4-benzoquinone 841 and aniline 839, along with the regio-isomeric 2-anilino-6-methyl-l,4-benzoquinone (844). The oxidative cyclization of 2-anilino-5-methyl-l,4-benzoquinone (842) with stoichiometric amounts of palla-dium(ll) acetate provided murrayaquinone A (107) in 64% yield. This method was also applied to the synthesis of 7-methoxy-3-methylcarbazole-l,4-quinone (113) starting from 3-methoxyaniline (840) (623). Seven years later, Chowdhury et al. reported the isolation of 7-methoxy-3-methylcarbazole-l,4-quinone (113) from the stem bark of Murraya koenigii and named it koeniginequinone A (113) (49) (Scheme 5.101). 

Miyamura, M., Nohara, T., Tomimatsu, T. and Nishioka, I. (1 983) Seven aromatic compounds from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia. Phytochemistry 22, 215-218. 

One group of components which play a major role in the medicinal potential are phenolic acids. In all, seven phenolic acids, e.g. tannic, gallic, caffeic, cinnamic, chlo-rogenic, ferulic and vanillic acids, could be identified. Several parts of the spices, for instance, seeds, leaves, barks, rhizomes, latex, stigmas, floral buds and modified stems, were used in the study (Singh et al., 2004). 

Of the seven alkaloids so far isolated from the stem bark of Strychnos fendleri Sprague et Sandwith, the structures of four new ones have been elucidated.103 These prove to be strychnofendlerine (180), 12-hydroxy-11-methoxystrychno-fendlerine (181), Na-acetylstrychnosplendine (182), and 12-hydroxy-11-methoxy-Na-acetylstrychnosplendine (183). Strychnofendlerine gives a mass spectrum almost identical with that of isosplendine, and the two alkaloids are clearly... 

Conoduramine occurs in the root bark of Tabemaemontana elegans, together with seven new bisindole alkaloids, tabernaelegantines A—D, tabernaelegantinines A and B, and tabernaelegantinidine. tabernaelegantines A—D are formulated as the two pairs of C-20 epimers (248)—(251), but the detailed evidence on which these structures are based is not yet available, ... 

The thirty-seven Taxus alkaloids isolated through July 1995 are reported in Tables 2-10, along with their botanical source [species, plant part (I - leaves b = bark, r = roots)]. A. spicata Compt is the richest source of taxane alkaloids, in terms of chemical diversity, and 2 -deacetoxyaustrospicatine (4f) is the most widespread alkaloid (three Taxus species and A. spicala). The various taxane alkaloids can be divided into the following structural types ... 

The stem-bark extract of the Malayan Alstonia macrophylla provided in addition to seven known alkaloids, three new indole alkaloids, lO-methoxyaflinisine (334), 10-methoxy-cathafoline (335) and alstonerinal (336) [226]. The latter is a type A macroline and coeluted with the known type B macroline, alstonerine (337) during chromatography, and proved resistant to further resolution by chromatography or fractional crystallization. Eventually a pure sample was obtained by reduction of a mixture of 336 and 337 to yield the isomeric alcohols 338 and 339, followed by oxidation of338 to yield alstonerinal (336). 

Building shelter took a bout a week, seven suns. They sent the men to get bark while the others built a frame, which was made from young saplings. Trees were not clear cut for money, as we do today. They used every part of the tree, too. The bark used, if laid out, would be seventy-seven feet long. 

Seven alkaloids have been isolated/ including tabersonine, voaphylline, A " -vincamine, 16-epi-A -vincamine, 12-methoxy-A -vincamine, and A -apovincamine, which have previously been isolated from the root bark. The seventh alkaloid criocerine, is new, and has been assigned the structure and absolute configuration (159), on the basis of its spectroscopic properties and its partial synthesis by a Polonovski reaction on the N-oxide of A -vincamine. ... 

Twelve alkaloids, seven of which are new, have been isolated from the root bark of Strychnos panganensis collected in Tanzania. The novel monoindole alkaloid are A-desacetylspermostrychnine (17), 12-hydroxy-11-methoxy-nor-c-fluorocurarine (18), 12-hydroxy-l l-methoxy-/V-acetyl-nor-C-fluorocurarimine (19) [33]. 

The bark of O. viellardii Guill. afforded seven known alkaloids and an eighth new alkaloid, ellipticine JV-oxide (266) (120). In the mass spectrum the molecular ion was observed at m/e 262, indicating the presence of an additional oxygen compared to ellipticine (267). The oxygen was not in the form of a carbonyl (IR) or phenolic (UV) function. Reduction with zinc and hydrochloric acid gave ellipticine (267), identical with the authentic alkaloid. Attempts to produce the N-oxide with classical reagents failed. 

The quinine is isolated from the bark of Cinchona sp., after recrystallization several times from mildly acidified (H2SO4) hot water. Quinine sulphate obtained after recrystallization retains up to seven moles of water, but undergoes efflorescence in dry environment to lose up to five moles of water. 

Of the seven alkaloids isolated from Ziziphus hysodrica, only one is new, namely hysodricanine A (25). In the same publication, an investigation into the bark of Ziziphus mauritiana has included the isolation of the known alkaloids mauritines A—F and G together with the new alkaloid mauritine H (26). Araliorham-nus vaginata was shown to contain a new aralionin-type alkaloid C (27) as well as the previously reported A, B, and desbenzyl-aralionin A compounds. ... 

Jokela and Lounasmaa presented and C-NMR exact spectral data for seven types of ajmaline-type alkaloids from various species of the Dogbane family. These alkaloids are as follows ajmaline, 17-O-acetylajmaline, iso-ajmaline, isosandwichine, rauflorine, vincamajine, and vincamedine. Four steroidal alkaloids (conessine, holadysenterine, isoconessimine, and kurchessine) were found in the stem bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica Eleven indole alkaloids were isolated from the stem bark of Kopsia hainanensis Tsiang, which is a species of Kopsia, endemic in China. They are (—)-kopsinine, (—)-kopsinnic acid, (—)-kopsinoline, kopsinilam, kopsanome, (-h)-5,22-dioxokopsane, ebumamenine, (-i-)-ebumamine, (—)-isoebumamine, (-i-)-tubotaiwine, and (-i-)-kopsoffine. Moreover, from... 

From the bark of E. subumbrans were isolated three new rythrina alkaloids, (+)-10,ll-dioxoerythratine (11), (+)-10,ll-dioxoerythratidinone (12) and (-l-)-10,ll-dioxoepierythratidine (40). Other compounds of interest isolated were a new pterocarpan, 1-methoxyerythrabyssin II, and seven known pteroearpans [53]. 

There are about 50 species belonging to seven orders in insects which are known to store cardiac glycosides which are found in about eleven families of angiosperms particularly in the Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae. These substances may be isolated from the roots, bulbs, rhizomes, wood, bark, stems, leaves, petals, fruits, pods and latex 475). Their concentrations depend on time of collection and prov-... 

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