Series/parallel combination

These are unidirectional and uncontrollablet static electronic devices and used as static switches and shown in Figure 6.14. A diode turns ON at the instant it becomes forward biased and OFF when it becomes reverse biased. By connecting them in series parallel combinations, they can be made suitable for any desired voltage and current ratings. Whether it is a transistor scheme or a thyristor scheme, they are used extensively where a forward conduction alone is necessary and the scheme calls for only a simple switching, without any control over the switching operation. They are used extensively in a rectifier circuit to convert a fixed a.c. supply to a fixed d.c. supply. 

These ratings can be enhanced by connecting them in series-parallel combinations. In scries to enhance the voltage rating and in parallel to enhance the cuiTcnl rating. Bui the controls may not be so accurate as with a single device. 

Restriction in series-parallel combinations of capacitor elements 25/814... 

In order to achieve increases in production capacity or to obtain higher conversion levels, it may be necessary to provide additional reactor volume through the use of various series-parallel combinations of reactors. 

For series-parallel combinations of reactions a number of possible situations can arise. Two general guidelines are useful to keep in mind (11). First, if one has two undesirable products being formed in parallel with a desired species or with an intermediate product that can subsequently react to form the desired species... 

In this chapter we treat parallel reactions. In the next chapter we treat series reactions as well as all sorts of series-parallel combinations. 

Cleaning systems that are designed for maximum flexibility (removal of different types of contaminants) are often supplied with multiple separators in a series/parallel combination, each operating at different pressures for selective separation. Such refinements can add significant cost to the system. 

The final element on the outer side of the unit cell (Figs. 1 and 2) is the current collector plate, which typically contains the machined gas flow field. These two functions of current collector and gas flow field may be fulfilled, in principle, by two separate components but, in most of the cells and and stacks tested so far, the flow field is machined in the current collector plate using a range of geometries, e.g., a single serpentine channel, parallel channel flow and series-parallel combinations. The specific flow-field geometry may be critical in fulfilling the requirements of effective water supply and effective liquid water removal from the cathode. 

Typically, the temperature drop between the evaporator and condenser of a heat pipe is of particular interest to the designer of heat pipe thermal control systems and is most readily found by utilizing an analogous electrothermal network. Figure 12.4 illustrates the electrothermal analogue for the heat pipe illustrated in Fig. 12.1. As shown, the overall thermal resistance is composed of nine different resistances arranged in a series-parallel combination. These nine resistances can be summarized as follows ... 

Solar Module (Panel) - A solar photovoltaic device that produces a specified power output under defined test conditions, usually composed of groups of solar cells connected In series, in parallel, or In series-parallel combinations. 

Install additional heat exchangers in parallel/series/series-parallel combinations... 

Series/parallel strings. In small portable batteries, there are a large number of cell sizes available, ranging from 100 mAh button cells to 7 to 12 Ah D and F cells. There are many fewer cell sizes for HEV and EV NiMH batteries. Consequently, vehicle applications may be required to use series/parallel combinations of NiMH cells to meet the required pack voltage and energy demands, and thereby increase the risk of pack imbalances. 

---