Sensor interferometric

Mitchell G.L., A review of fabry-perot Interferometric sensors, in Optical Fiber Sensors, Proc.6th Int.Conf. OFS 89 (1989), H.J.Arditty, J.P.Dakin, R.ThKersten eds., Springer-Verlag, pp. 450-478. 

Interferometric sensors frequently have also been applied to biosensor measurements. Thereby, the evanescent field technique (Mach-Zehnder interferometer) has been compared with other optical detection principles regarding information on layer structure and in case of biosensing30. The... 

As a conclusion it has been demonstrated that optical sensors have a wide field of applications in the process control, surveillance and biosciences. They supply the chance to monitor processes an-line and with short time resolution. Interferometric sensors are rather sensitive and applicable in... 

Brandenburg A., Krauter R., Kunzel C., Stefan M., Schulte H., Interferometric sensor for detection of surface-bound bioreactions, Appl. Opt. 2000 39 6396-6405. 

Fiber Core-Cladding Mode Interferometric Sensors... 

Fig. 7.17 Principle of fiber core cladding mode interferometric (CCMI) sensors (a) Mach Zehnder type and (b) Michelson type...

Lee, C. E. Taylor, H. F., Interferometric optical fiber sensors using internal mirrors, Electron. Lett. 1988, 24, 193 194... 

Wang, A. Xiao, H. Wang, J. Wang, Z. Zhao, W. May, R. G., Self calibrated interferometric intensity based optical fiber sensors, J. Lightwave Technol. 2001, 19, 1495 1501... 

Liu, N. Hui, J. Sun, C. Dong, J. Zhang, L. Xiao, H., Nanoporous zeolite thin film based fiber intrinsic Fabry Perot interferometric sensor for detection of dissolved organics in water, Sensors 2006, 6, 835 847... 

One of the main advantages of the optical-based sensors is their high resolution. Integrated optical sensors16, especially the interferometric ones that have been developed in recent years, such as the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI)17 and the Young interferometer 18-21, show an extremely high refractive index resolution in the range of 10 1—10 8 RIU (refractive index units)17,21, which is equivalent to... 

Heideman, R. G. Kooyman, R. P. H. Greve, J., Immunoreactivity of adsorbed antihuman chorionic gonadotropin studied with an optical wave guide interferometric sensor, Biosens. Bioelectron. 1994, 9, 33 43... 

Intergranular corrosion, in industrial water treatment, 26 127—128 Interhalogens, 13 125—126 Interior paint, 13 67 Interlaced interferometric fiber sensors, 11 153... 

The interferometric sensor platform is highly sensitive and is the only one that provides an internal reference for compensation of refractive-index fluctuations and unspecific adsorption. Interferometric sensors have a broader dynamic range than most other types of sensors and show higher sensitivity as compared to other integrated optical biosensors . Due to the high sensitivity of the interferometer sensor the direct detection of small... 

L. M. Lechuga, F. Prieto and B. Sepulveda, Interferometric Biosensors for environmental pollution detection, in Optical Sensors for Industrial, Environmental and Clinical Applications, Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, Vol. 1, (Springer Verlag, New York, 2003). 

For refractive-index-type sensors, the waveguide is intrinsically the sensing element, and then chemical processes are measured with the variations of the refractive index, n, of guided modes. The majority of the various sensor types and published configurations make use of grating couplers (Fig. 10a) [83,84], resonant mirrors (Fig. 10b) [52,86-89] or interferometric sensors (Fig. 11) as... 

Refractive-index-type sensors present poor specificity in their response and instabilities due to temperature or pressure variations and on the other hand, interferometric sensors are complex, but more sensitive than other integrated chemo-optical evanescent-field-based sensors. 

Despite the fact that direct absorbance/transmittance measurements are well established in analytical chemistry owing to the simplicity of the instrumentation and their broad applicability and versatility towards a large number of analytes, most of the reported miniaturized optical devices are based on the measurement of variations of the real part of the refractive index, such as SPR sensors [84,109-111] or interferometric sensors [94,112]. 

Up to date, besides the SFA, several non-interferometric techniques have been developed for direct measurements of surface forces between solid surfaces. The most popular and widespread is atomic force microscopy, AFM [14]. This technique has been refined for surface forces measurements by introducing the colloidal probe technique [15,16], The AFM colloidal probe method is, compared to the SFA, rapid and allows for considerable flexibility with respect to the used substrates, taken into account that there is no requirement for the surfaces to be neither transparent, nor atomically smooth over macroscopic areas. However, it suffers an inherent drawback as compared to the SFA It is not possible to determine the absolute distance between the surfaces, which is a serious limitation, especially in studies of soft interfaces, such as, e.g., polymer adsorption layers. Another interesting surface forces technique that deserves attention is measurement and analysis of surface and interaction forces (MASIF), developed by Parker [17]. This technique allows measurement of interaction between two macroscopic surfaces and uses a bimorph as a force sensor. In analogy to the AFM, this technique allows for rapid measurements and expands flexibility with respect to substrate choice however, it fails if the absolute distance resolution is required. 

Schmitt K, Schirmer B, Hoffmann C, Brandenburg A, Meyrueis P (2007) Interferometric biosensor based on planar optical waveguide sensor chips for label-lree detection of surface bound bioreactions. Biosens Bioelectron 22 2591-2597... 

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