Sensitization cocaine dependence

Cao, C.J., Shamoo, A.E., and Eldefrawi, M.E., Cocaine-sensitive, ATP-dependent dopamine uptake in striatal synaptosomes, Biochem. Pharmacol., 39, 49, 1990. 

Apparsundaram S, Schroeter S, Giovanetti E, Blakely RD (1998b) Acute regulation of norepinephrine transport II. PKC-modulated surface expression of human norepinephrine transporter proteins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 287 744-751 Arndt lO, Dorozynsky L, Woody GE, McLeUan AT, O Brien CP (1992) Desipramine treatment of cocaine dependence in methadone-maintained patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49 888-893 Balkovetz DP, Tiruppathi C, Leibach PH, Mahesh VB, Gtmapathy V (1989) Evidence for an imipramine-sensitive serotonin transporter in humtm placenttil bmsh-border membranes. J Biol Chem 264 2195-2198... 

Nation JR, Liver,ore CL, Burkey RT. 1996. Chronic lead exposure attenuates sensitization to the locomotor-stimulating effects of cocaine. Drug Alcohol Dependence 41 143-149. 

Weiss JM, Bonsall RW, Demetrikopoulos MK, Emery MS, West CH Galanin (1998) A significant role in depression Ann N Y Acad Sci 863 364-382 Wniick ML, Kokkinidis L (1995) Cocaine enhances the expression of fear-potentiated startle evaluation of state-dependent extinction and the shock-sensitization of acoustic startle. Behav Neurosci 109 929-938... 

It is beheved that phenomena such as sensitization, tolerance and drug-dependence might also involve synaptic plasticity. In fact, numerous studies indicate that NMDA receptor antagonists block sensitization to amphetamine and cocaine as well as tolerance and dependence to ethanol and opioids in animal models (Trujillo and Akil 1991 Pasternak and Inturrisi 1995 Trujillo and Akil 1995 Mao 1999). Recent studies indicate that the uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists dextromethorphan, memantine and neramexane not only prevent the development of morphine tolerance, but also reverse estabhshed tolerance in the continuing presence of this opioid, prevent the expression of withdrawal symptoms in rats (Popik and Skolnick 1996 Popik and Danysz 1997 Popik and Kozela 1999 Houghton et al. 2001) and attenuate the expres-... 

Rothman, R.B. et al., Lack of evidence for context-dependent cocaine-induced sensitization in humans preliminary studies, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 49, 583, 1994. 

The non-precipitated withdrawal procedure represents a first screen for possible induction of drug dependence and has been shown to be sensitive to withdrawal effects with a variety of dependence-inducing agents including amphetamines, cocaine, opioids and benzodiazepines. It therefore possesses face validity. On the other hand, it is remarkably difficult, under the conditions of the protocol described, to show signs of withdrawal after treatment with agents such as nicotine... 

De Vries TJ, Schoffelmeer AN, Binnekade R, Raaso H, Vanderschuren LJ (2002) Relapse to cocaine- and heroin-seeking behavior mediated by dopamine D2 receptors is time-dependent and associated with behavioral sensitization. Neuropsychopharmacology 26(1) 18—26. 

Saunders C, Ferrer JV, Shi L, Chen J, Merrill G, et al. 2000. Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity an internalization-dependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97 6850-55... 

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