Sensible heat water

Within the framework of the AsiaFlux program, Saigusa et al. (2005) measured the C02 fluxes since 1993 in the forest ecosystem of Takayama using an aerodynamic method to estimate the vertical gradient of C02 concentration and a vortex divergence method to calculate the coefficient of diffusion over the forest canopy. Also, measurements were made of vortex fluxes of sensible heat, water vapor, and C02. 

Make-up Water Sensible Heat 87770 Flue Gas Sensible Heat Water in Fuel, etc. Radiation Other (unburnt carbon, etc.)+ 93160 67470 11655 160... 

The use of hot gas clean-up methods to remove the sulfur and particulates from the gasified fuel increases turbine performance by a few percentage points over the cold clean-up systems. Hot gas clean-up permits use of the sensible heat and enables retention of the carbon dioxide and water vapor in the... 

Reducing agents are employed to return the Fe to Fe . By starting at a lower temperature, the heat of reaction can be balanced by the sensible heat of the water in the emulsion. Temperature profiles from 20 to 70°C are typical for such systems. Care must be taken when working with redox systems to... 

To recover the sensible heat content of water-saturated exit kiln air, heat exchangers are being employed to contact the exit air with incoming fresh air. Fuel savings of about 30% are being achieved. 

Cooling Ciystalli rs use a heat sink to remove both sensible heat from the feed stream and the heat of crystallization released as crystals are formed. The heat sink may be no more than the ambient surroundings of a batch crystallizer, or it may be cooling water or another process stream. 

Absorber is a component where strong absorber solution is used to absorb the water vapor flashed in the evaporator. A solution pump sprays the lithium bromide over the absorber tube section. Cool water is passing through the tubes taking refrigeration load, heat of dilution, heat to cool condensed water, and sensible heat for solution coohng. 

The heat-transfer process involves (1) latent heat transfer owing to vaporization of a small portion of the water and (2) sensible heat transfer owing to the difference in temperature of water and air. Approximately 80 percent of this heat transfer is due to latent heat and 20 percent to sensible heat. 

Employing wood chips, Cowan s drying studies indicated that the volumetric heat-transfer coefficient obtainable in a spouted bed is at least twice that in a direct-heat rotaiy diyer. By using 20- to 30-mesh Ottawa sand, fluidized and spouted beds were compared. The volumetric coefficients in the fluid bed were 4 times those obtained in a spouted bed. Mathur dried wheat continuously in a 12-in-diameter spouted bed, followed by a 9-in-diameter spouted-bed cooler. A diy-ing rate of roughly 100 Ib/h of water was obtained by using 450 K inlet air. Six hundred pounds per hour of wheat was reduced from 16 to 26 percent to 4 percent moisture. Evaporation occurred also in the cooler by using sensible heat present in the wheat. The maximum diy-ing-bed temperature was 118°F, and the overall thermal efficiency of the system was roughly 65 percent. Some aspec ts of the spouted-bed technique are covered by patent (U.S. Patent 2,786,280). 

Entering gas Acetone Water vapor Sensible heat... 

Drying is concerned with heat transfer, namely - latent heat of vaporization and sensible heat to the vapor molecules, to the water in the pores, and to the solid and material transfer mainly the transfer of water from the inner portions of the paste or crystal mass to the surface. 

Where e, is in units of inches of water per day. Up is the wind speed 2 feet above the ground expressed in miles per day, and e and e, are the saturation vapor pressures at mean air and mean dew-point temperatures, respectively (expressed in inches of mercury). For development of the wind function, an adjustment in the psychrometric constant is generally made to account for the sensible heat conducted... 

Sensible heating only Cionstant moisture content increase in specific volume, dry- and wet-bulb temperature, and specific enthalpy decreased % saturation Steam, hoc-water coils, or electric heating... 

For example, if total heat duty (sensible heat, latent heat duty, heat losses to the atmosphere) was 1 MMBtu/hr and water was being heated, a heat flux of 10,000 Btu/hr-ft would be used and 100 ft of fire tube area would be required. 

Waste Heat Boiler Produces steam from condensate or boiler feed water by removal of sensible heat from high temperature level process or waste gas streams. (Sometimes liquid streams serve this function.)... 

FaiH states that the second term in the preceding equation may be neglected. Fair reports that typical units show the sensible heating zone at 4-60% for AT = 20°F, and 4-49% for AT = 30°F for selected organics and also water. The values vary with pressure. Table 10-30. 

The thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant determine the suitability for a given condition of operation, particularly when compared with the same requirements or other refrigerants. The quantity of refrigerant needed for a particular level of evaporation is a function of its latent heat, except when using steam jet refrigeration, because the use of its chilled water involves only sensible heat transfer to process fluids. 

This is the exchanger where heat flows from the room return or mixed air to cold refrigerant or to chilled water. It is an arrangement of finned tubes normally of aluminum fins on copper tubes, but copper fins can be specified for corrosive atmosphere. Performance characteristics are controlled by fin and tube spacing. If the room rh is high, dehumidification may be brought into use by operating the coil or one of a number of parallel coils at a low temperature. If the room s sensible heat load is low reheat must be allowed to operate at the same time. 

The steam is generated in a pan of water by electric elements. High-temperature hot water or steam coils could also be used. About 30 per cent of the input appears as waste sensible heat, giving a sensible heat ratio of 0.3. 

Finally, there is the transfer of sensible heat from the bulk of the water to the surface area. This is so slight in terms of resistance that it is normally neglected. Radiant heat transfer is also ignored for all practical design purposes. 

If the percentage saturation of an air sample is less than 100, i.e. it is less than saturated, and it comes into contact with water at the same temperature, there will he a difference in vapour pressures. As a result, some of the water will evaporate. The latent heat required for this change of state will he drawn from the sensible heat of the water, which will he slighdy cooled. This drop in the water temperature provides a temperature difference, and a thermal balance will be reached where the flow of sensible heat from the air to the water (Figure 23.2) provides the latent heat to evaporate a part of it. 

The specific enthalpy will increase with dry hulh (sensible heat of the air) and moisture content (sensible and latent heat of the water). The adiabatic (isoenthalpic) lines for an air-water vapour mixture are almost parallel with the wet bulb lines so, to avoid any confusion, the enthalpy scale is placed outside the body of the chart, and readings must be taken using a straight-edge. (See Figure 23.7.)... 

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