Self-assembly of colloidal particles

Self-assembly of colloidal particles onto emulsion droplets Colloidosomes, controlled release vehicles 50-500 nm Dinsmore et al. 2002 Sanguansri and Augustin, 2006 ... 

Template-Assisted Self-Assembly of Colloidal Particles by Wrinkled Surfaces 87... 

This chapter gives a brief introduction to current research activities that center on the self-assembly of colloidal particles. Our aim is to illustrate how colloidal particles can be employed as building blocks to effectively generate certain types of complex structures that are difficult or impossible to fabricate using other approaches. We begin this chapter with a brief description of self-assembly and monodispersed colloids. We then discuss three self-assembly strategies in detail in the following sections ... 

More than a century ago, Pickering [2] and Ramsden [3] investigated paraffin-water emulsions contains solid particles such as iron oxide, silicon dioxide, barium sulfate, and kaolin and discovered that these micron-sized colloids generate a resistant film at the interface between the two immiscible phases, inhibiting the coalescence of the emulsion drops. These so-called Pickering emulsions are formed by the self-assembly of colloidal particles at fluid-fluid interfaces in two-phase liquid systems (Fig. 1). 

Bhardwaj, R., Fang, X., Somasundaran, P., Attinger, D. Self-assembly of colloidal particles from evaporating droplets role of DLVO interactions and proposition of a phase diagram. Langmuir 26, 7833-7842 (2010)... 

Varghese B, Cheong FC, Sindhu S, Yu T, Lim CT, Valiyaveettil S, Sow CH (2006) Size selective assembly of colloidal particles on a template by directed self-assembly technique. Langmuir 22 8248-8252... 

Here, we mention self-assembly as one of the methods to synthesize the superlattices or supercrystals of various dimensionality. Self-assembly of colloidal crystals in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) superlattice occurs spontaneously during solvent evaporation [341, 342]. Self-assembly is controlled by the isotropic van der Waals forces between the particles and ligands. 

J. Lee, J. Won, J. Kim, K. Kim, S. Lee, Evaporation-induced, self-assembled, silica colloidal particle-assisted nanoporous structure evolution of poly (ethylene terephthalate) nonwoven composite separators for high-safety/high-rate lithium ion batteries, J Power Sour 216 (2012) 42-47. 

I. Pastoriza-Santos, C. Serra-Rodriguez, and L. M. Liz-Marzan, Self-assembly of silver particle monolayers on glass from Ag solutions in DMF,y. Colloid Inteiface Sci. 221,236-241 (2000). 

Functionalized particles can be associated with plain surfaces in order to elaborate two-dimensional assemblies of particles also named self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The development of such organized structures using well-defined colloidal particles and molecu-larly smooth surfaces (natural mica, silica wafer) recently gave rise to fundamental studies with a view to rationalize their manufacture. Various techniques can be used for modifying surfaces especially in order to control the deposition of and self assembling of latex particles. Figure 10.2 illustrates that chemisorption of functionalized latex particles onto silica wafer... 

As materials chemistry has developed, it has come to pay more and more attention to that archetypal concern of materials scientists, microstructure. That concern came in early when the defects inherent in non-stoichiometric oxides were studied by the Australian. I.S. Anderson and others (an early treatment was in a book edited by Rabenau 1970), but has become more pronounced recently in the rapidly growing emphasis on self-assembly of molecules or colloidal particles. This has not yet featured much in books on materials chemistry, but an excellent recent popular account of the broad field has a great deal to say on self-assembly (Ball 1997). The phenomenon of graphoepitaxy outlined in Section 10.5.1.1 is a minor example of what is meant by self-assembly. 

The charge on the surface of colloid particles is an important parameter, and DNA/cation self-assembled complexes are no exception. It can be measured experimentally as the -potential or electrokinetic potential (the potential at the surface of shear be-... 

One of the most recent and intrigning developments in the area of colloid science is the surface nanoengineering of colloidal particles in solntion. The self-assembly of macromolec-... 

Bifunctional spacer molecules of different sizes have been used to construct nanoparticle networks formed via self-assembly of arrays of metal colloid particles prepared via reductive stabilization [88,309,310]. A combination of physical methods such as TEM, XAS, ASAXS, metastable impact electron spectroscopy (MIES), and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) has revealed that the particles are interlinked through rigid spacer molecules with proton-active functional groups to bind at the active aluminium-carbon sites in the metal-organic protecting shells [88]. 

Finally, we have designed and synthesized a series of block copolymer surfactants for C02 applications. It was anticipated that these materials would self-assemble in a C02 continuous phase to form micelles with a C02-phobic core and a C02-philic corona. For example, fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon block copolymers of PFOA and PS were synthesized utilizing controlled free radical methods [104]. Small angle neutron scattering studies have demonstrated that block copolymers of this type do indeed self-assemble in solution to form multimolecular micelles [117]. Figure 5 depicts a schematic representation of the micelles formed by these amphiphilic diblock copolymers in C02. Another block copolymer which has proven useful in the stabilization of colloidal particles is the siloxane based stabilizer PS-fr-PDMS [118,119]. Chemical... 

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