Selection frequency dependent

Resonance A condition in which a circuit exhibits a highly selective frequency-dependent attenuation of sinusoidal input signals. 

Once frequency and consequence estimates are generated, the risk can be evaluated in many ways. It is essential that the large number of fre-quency/consequence estimates from a QRA be integrated into a presentation format that is easy to interpret and use. The presentation format you select will depend on the purpose of the QRA and the risk measure of interest. 

Figure 7.16 When soft pulses are used for excitation and mixing in a 2D experiment, it becomes a 2D soft experiment. The spectrum of the 2D soft experiment has reduced frequency ranges in F, and Fj. The excitation ranges of the selective pulse depend on the type of experiment. For example, in a soft COSY-COSY experiment, one multiplet is excited, while in the soft NOESYexperiment the whole resonance region of a group of signals is excited. (Reprinted from Mag. Reson. Chem. 29, H. Kessler et al, 527, copyright (1991), with permission from John Wiley and Sons Limited, Baffins Lane, Chichester, Sussex P019 lUD, England.)...

These authors also reported theoretical calculations of this frequency-dependent rotational relaxation. The theory of Auer et al. [98] using the quadratic electric field map, originally developed for HOD/D2O, was extended to the H0D/H20 system [52]. As before [38], the orientation TCF was calculated for those molecules within specified narrow-frequency windows (those selected in the experiment) at t = 0. TCFs for selected frequency windows, up to 500 fs, are shown in Fig. 8. One sees that in all cases there is a very rapid decay, in well under 50 fs, followed by a pronounced oscillation. The period of this oscillation appears to be between about 50 and 80 fs, which corresponds most likely to underdamped librational motion [154]. Indeed, the period is clearly longer on the blue side, consistent with the idea of a weaker H bond and hence weaker restraining potential. At 100 fs the values of the TCFs show the same trend as in experiment, although the theoretical TCF loses... 

Natural selection increases or decreases allele frequencies, depending on their survival value (e.g., heterozygote advantage for the sickle cell mutation)... 

Most polymers are applied either as elastomers or as solids. Here, their mechanical properties are the predominant characteristics quantities like the elasticity modulus (Young modulus) E, the shear modulus G, and the temperature-and frequency dependences thereof are of special interest when a material is selected for an application. The mechanical properties of polymers sometimes follow rules which are quite different from those of non-polymeric materials. For example, most polymers do not follow a sudden mechanical load immediately but rather yield slowly, i.e., the deformation increases with time ( retardation ). If the shape of a polymeric item is changed suddenly, the initially high internal stress decreases slowly ( relaxation ). Finally, when an external force (an enforced deformation) is applied to a polymeric material which changes over time with constant (sinus-like) frequency, a phase shift is observed between the force (deformation) and the deformation (internal stress). Therefore, mechanic modules of polymers have to be expressed as complex quantities (see Sect. 2.3.5). 

F re 6.84 The frequency dependence of reflectivity for selected metals. From K. M. Ralls, T. H. Courtney, and J. Wulff, Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering. Copyright 1976 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. This material is used by permission John Wiley Sons, Inc. 

The sampling theorem tells us that we must sample the signal at a rate equal to or greater than twice the highest-frequency component in the Fourier transform of the signal. For an actual spectrum of absorption lines, this maximum frequency depends on the selected scanning rate in a direct way. In addition, the bandpass of the electronics must be established in such a way that the maximum signal frequency will be minimally attenuated. 

Cresswell, J.E. and Galen, C. (1991). Frequency-dependent selection and adaptive... 

Local anesthetic drugs block sodium channels in a voltage- and frequency-dependent manner. They are not selective for painrelevant subtypes of sodium channels... 

LAs block nerve conduction when applied locally to nervous tissue by a voltage- and frequency-dependent inhibition of sodium currents (see Voltage-gated Sodium Channels Structure and Function1). Due to this mechanism, they preferentially block hyperexcitable cells and interfere comparatively less with normal physiological sensory and motor function. However, they are not selective for pain-relevant sodium channel subtypes so that they have a relatively high risk of adverse effects associated with the central nervous and cardiovascular systems when administered systemically. Known LAs are not active when administered orally. 

The class lb antiarrhythmic drug mexilitine is structurally related to the local anesthetic agent lidocaine and also shows a voltage- and frequency-dependent block of sodium channels. Mexilitine is not selective for any painrelevant subtype of sodium channel. As an advantage over lidocaine, mexilitine can be given orally. 

Our direct determination of the distance to the supernova, unlike these determinations of the distance to the LMC, involves no distance ladder calibrations or selection effects. In addition, the assumptions involved in this method are independently tested by a) the match between the frequency dependence of the computed and observed spectra, b) the requirement that the ratio of the two time dependent quantities (R and 0) that determine the distance remains constant, and c) the predicted break in the (weaker) line profiles. It is especially important that we acquire accurate data for other dates so that we can invoke test (b). We believe that the distance to any Type II supernova is most reliably determined during that period of time when the photosphere lies within the hydrogen recombination shell, because this gives a long time base with which to more accurately determine R as well as a sharper photosphere to more accurately determine 0. 

Figure 3a-b illustrate the LCB effect on the melt rheological properties. The response of the rheological behaviour to the copolymerisation ability and vinyl end group selectivity of the siloxy-substituted metallocenes has been investigated from their dynamic modulus curves. The frequency dependency of the dynamic modulus of the polyethenes produced with catalysts 2 is demonstrated in Fig. 3a. For comparison dynamic modulus for a linear polyethene, prepared by the catalyst -BuCp2ZrCl2, is shown in Fig. 3b. 

From these observations, it became apparent that the frequency dependent capacitance must be due, at least partially, to gating particles, and, in particular, to those of sodium channels. If the capacitance change shown in Figure 6 is indeed due to sodium channels, then the change must be affected by TTX, which is known to block sodium channels selectively. Figure 7 shows the membrane capacitance at various potentials. As can be seen, TTX effectively eliminates the voltage dependence of... 

Le nombre et la nature de ces reactions dependent 6videmment des parametres moleculaires du liquide. D autre part, l intervention d une contrainte exterieure ne deplace pas uniformement tous les equilibres, elle a generalement une action selective, qui depend de sa nature et de sa frequence. 

Dielectric relaxation of complex materials over wide frequency and temperature ranges in general may be described in terms of several non-Debye relaxation processes. A quantitative analysis of the dielectric spectra begins with the construction of a fitting function in selected frequency and temperature intervals, which corresponds to the relaxation processes in the spectra. This fitting function is a linear superposition of the model functions (such as HN, Jonscher, dc-conductivity terms see Section II.B.l) that describes the frequency dependence of the isothermal data of the complex dielectric permittivity. The temperature behavior of the fitting parameters reflects the structural and dynamic properties of the material. 

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