Seeding instrumentation

Material Clay lumps, stone tools, wood, and seeds Instrumentation SEM, magnetometer Analysis Technology... 

Sinnecker, P. et al.. Relationship between color (instrumental and visual) and chlorophyll contents in soybean seeds during ripening, J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 3961, 2002. 

Cell cultures. MDCK cells were seeded in the Transwells at a density of 2.2 x 104 cells/cm. Cells were fed by changing medium in both upper (apical) and lower (basal) compartments periodically. Confluent monolayers were obtained at 5-7 days post-inoculation, when the cell density reached 4.5-5.0 x 105 cells/cm2, and a transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of about 2,000 ohms cm2 was measured using an epithelial voltohmmeter (EVOM, World Precision Instruments, West Haven, CT). The amount of FBS in the cell culture medium could be decreased as the cells approached their maximum resistance, and could be maintained at that point for 2 days or longer in medium containing 1% FBS. 

Rainmaking while the term invokes images of primitive rituals to influence the rain gods, modern day meteorologists have sound chemical principles to induce precipitation. What chemistry fundamentals are instrumental in cloud seeding ... 

Gaubin, Y., M. Depoux, B. Pianezzi, G. Gasset, C. Heilmann, and H. Planel. 1990. Investigations on the effects of cosmic rays on Artemia cysts and tobacco seeds results of Exobloc II experiment, flown aboard Biocosmos 1887. Inter. Jour. Radiation Applic. Instrument. 17 133-144. 

Figure 29.3 Experimental setup and instrumentation 1 — fuel 2 — oxidizer, N2, seed-particles 3 — plenum chamber 4 — flow straightener 5 — c/d nozzle (Dthroat = 19.0 mm, Dexu = 24.7 mm) 6 — cavity 7 — laser sheet 8 — Mie-scattering collection device 9 — CCD 10 — afterburning flame and 11 — microphone...

A positive urine test result for opioids does not necessarily mean that the individual used drugs illegally. The GC/MS instrument is very sensitive, and any morphine detected could have come from the individual having eaten poppy seed-containing bagels or pastries shortly before the test. Also, many people are prescribed opioid-containing analgesics such as Tylenol with codeine, Percodan , and Percocet , and their urine samples will test positive. At the time of urine... 

Since most mycotoxins in agricultural materials are usually contained in a very small proportion of individual seeds or kernels the most practical and effective method of reducing the mycotoxin content of the whole commodity is to remove the contaminated seeds or kernels mechanically (West and Bullerman, 1991). Various techniques have been devised, based on colour and visual appearance of decay or damage to separate out contaminated seed etc. This may be manual or by more advanced electronic instrumental selection. 

Quantitation. Combined GC-SICM has been used mainly for quantitation. For a particular GA the absolute intensity of a characteristic ion in its mass spectrum is related to the amount of GA present, using standards to calibrate the instrument. Frydman et al. (35) used this "external standard method" to measure the levels of a number of GAs throughout the development of pea seeds. An alternative and preferable approach employs... 

Once it entered chemistry, the blowpipe proved to be a most delicate instrument for the qualitative analysis of mineral ores, revealing the presence of minute quantities of metal in very small samples. Chemists typically worked with samples the size of a mustard seed, and in those samples could detect even half a percent of a particular metal. This was far more sensitive than analysis in solution, the wet way. The blowpipe led to the discovery of several metals during Lavoisier s lifetime, including nickel, manganese, molybdenum, and tungsten. Because these metals could not be decomposed, Lavoisier duly listed them in his table of simple substances. 

Cumin seeds are a very good source of iron, an integral component of haemoglobin (see the section on general composition) and also part of enzyme systems for energy production and metabolism. Also, iron is instrumental in keeping the human immune system healthy. Iron is particularly important for women, growing children and adolescents. 

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