Oxidants, estuarine sediments

Luoma, S. N. and Bryan, G. W. (1981). A statistical assessment of the form of trace metals in oxidized estuarine sediments employing chemical extractants, Sci. Total Environ., 17, 165-196. 

Thomson, E.A., Luoma, S.N., Cain, D.J. and Johansson, C. (1980) The effect of sample storage on the extraction of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and organic materials from oxidized estuarine sediments. Water Air Soil Pollute 14, 215. 

Luoma, S.N. Davis, J.A., 1983. Requirements for modeling trace metal partioning in oxidized estuarine sediments. Mar. Chem.. 12 159-181. 

Hambrick, G.A., Delaune, R.D., Patrick, W.H., Jr. (1980) Effects of estuarine sediment, pH and oxidation-reduction potential on microbial hydrocarbon degradation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40, 365-9. 

The persulphate oxidation technique [25] has been applied to estuarine sediments. Organic carbon was determined at lOg kg-1 in bay and estuarine sediments with a coefficient of variation of about 10%. 

Dankers and Laane [43] compared two methods, based on wet oxidation with potassium peroxydisulphate and loss on ignition at 560°C, for the determination of particulate organic carbon in estuarine suspended matter. They found that in estuarine sediments with a high clay content, loss on... 

Aerobic microbial oxidation Beggiatoa mat Coastal marine sediment Coastal marine sediment Estuarine sediments Thiobacilli in water of L. Faro S oxidation in water of Big Soda L, Chemical oxidation by oxygen0 Black Sea Calculated Hypolimnetic Sediment... 

Chamosite appears to be the finest grained and most abundant mineral in this group. It occurs in lateritic clay deposits (Brindley, 1951), both as oolites and matrix in sedimentary ironstones (Hallimond, 1925), in hydrothermal deposits (Ruotsala et al., 1964), in shales (Drcnnan, 1963), in Recent shallow-marine deposits (Porrenga, 1966) and in estuarine sediments (Rohrlich et al., 1969). It is probable that chamosite is more abundant than commonly realized however, Drennan (1963) has pointed out that it is extremely unstable in a leached and oxidized environment and is not likely to persist as an allogenic mineral. 

Luther III, G.W., Giblin, A., Howarth, R.W., and Ryans, R.A. (1982) Pyrite and oxidized iron mineral phases formed from pyrite oxidation in salt marsh and estuarine sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 2665-2669. 

Extraction of Sedimentary Constituents. The proportion of the total concentration of Fe, Mn and Zn removed from the estuarine sediments by the different extractants varied widely among sampling stations (Table II). Hydrochloric acid, acetic acid and ammonium oxalate removed a similar proportion of total Zn from all sediments. Concentrations of Zn well above detection limits were also fo-iind in the ammonia, hydroxyl-amine and ammonium acetate extracts. The quantity of Zn removed from oxidized sediments by the latter two extractants was significantly greater than reported in previous studies in which reduced sediments were extracted ( ). 

Risgaard-Petersen, N., Meyer, R. L., Schmid, M., Jetten, M. S. M., Enrich-Prast, A., Rysgaard, S., and Revsbech, N. P. (2004a). Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an estuarine sediment. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 36, 293-304. 

In these examples as well as for most aquatic sediments, the principal diagenetic reactions that occur in these sediments are aerobic respiration and the reduction of Mn and Fe oxides. Under the slower sedimentation conditions in natural lakes and estuaries, there is sufficient time (years) for particulate organic matter to decompose and create a diagenetic environment where metal oxides may not be stable. When faster sedimentation prevails, such as in reservoirs, there is less time (months) for bacteria to perform their metabohc functions due to the fact that the organisms do not occupy a sediment layer for any length of time before a new sediment is added (Callender, 2000). Also, sedimentary organic matter in reservoir sediments is considerably more recalcitrant than that in natural lacustrine and estuarine sediments as reservoirs receive more terrestrial organic matter (Callender, 2000). 

In an attempt to assess the quantitative contribution of reactive processes to the overall cycling of anthropogenic source contamination, two examples will be considered (i) vinyl chloride oxidation at groundwater-surface water interface (GSI) St. Joseph, Michigan (e.g., Lendvay et al., 1998a,b), and (ii) dioxin dechlorination in estuarine sediment cores collected from the Passaic River, New Jersey... 

In addition to the analyses of lignin products by PGCMS as discussed here, one sample of estuarine sediment, comparable to sample S-15, was analyzed for lignin oxidation products by the CuO oxidation method (22). The distribution of various types of phenolic compounds In the sediment Is compared to that of Spartlna... 

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