Insoluble organic matter

Unreacted coal is actually insoluble organic matter remaining after reaction. 

A13C-NMR spectrum of insoluble organic matter in Murchison showing a prominent peak for aromatic carbon, demonstrating its high abundance. Other, smaller peaks correspond to the various identified functional groups. The small peaks at each end of the spectrum are artifacts of the method. After Cody et al. (2002). 

Explain the difference between extractable and insoluble organic matter in chondrites, and note why this distinction is significant. 

Cody, G. and Alexander, . M. O. D. (2005) NMR studies of chemical structural variation of insoluble organic matter from different carbonaceous chondrite groups. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69, 1085—1097. 

Measured D/H ratios in five bulk Stardust particles (black dots sizes represent relative particle sizes), and in micron-size subareas in one particle (open circles enclosed by oval) measured by ion microprobe. The particle compositions overlap D/H ratios in comets, IDPs, and the insoluble organic matter in chondrites. Modified from McKeegan et al. (2006). 

The amount of nitrogen and its equivalent of ammonia in the preceding soluble aud insoluble organic matter is the following —... 

Druschel, H.V. 1970. Preprints. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Petrol. Chem. 15(2) C13. Druschel, H.V. 1972. Preprints. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Petrol. Chem. 17(4) F92. Durand, B. (Editor). 1980. Kerogen Insoluble Organic Matter from Sedimentary Rocks. Editions Technip, Paris, France. 

Humin has been regarded as the most intractable component of SOM. It must be considered to be a very important component, however, because typically it represents more than 50% of the organic carbon in a soil (Kononova, 1966 Stevenson, 1982,1994) and more than 70% of the organic carbon in unlithified sediments (Durand and Nicaise, 1980 Rice, 2001). The definition of humin (Section 1.3.3) is similar to that of a protokerogen (Calvin and Philip, 1976 Rice, 2001), which is often used in petroleum geochemistry to describe insoluble organic matter in unlithified sediments. 

Durand, B. In Kerogen - Insoluble Organic Matter from Sedimentary Rocks Durand, B., Ed. Editions Technip Paris, 1980 13-34. 

After the refluxing/blending operation, the resulting mixture is then filtered to remove it from the insoluble organic matter. 

Standardization of analytical techniques has helped greatly to compare asphalts of diflFerent areas and diflFerent periods. Repeated extractions with boiling toluene has improved consistency of data, whether or not it is the best way of separating bitumen and minerals. Liquid chromatographic analysis not only determines the amount of minerals suspended in the bitumen but also provides fractions suitable for further characterization. X-ray diffraction promises to improve vastly analysis of the minerals. No good way of resolving whatever usually small amounts of insoluble organic matter may be present has been devised. 

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