Oxidizing organic matter

Combined available chlorine The concentration of chlorine which is combined with ammonia (NH3) as chloramine or as other chloro derivatives, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter. 

Exchangeable, carbonate, easily reducible oxide, organic matter, reducible oxide, and... 

The first is an alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide, which oxidizes organic matter. The second is an acid fluoride solution which removes silica. The third is an acid solution of hydrogen peroxide which removes transition metals. The process was developed by RCA Corporation in 1970 and widely used thereafter by the electronics industry. 

Respiration refers to those biochemical processes in which organisms oxidize organic matter and extract the stored chemical energy needed for growth and repro-... 

The sulfate —> sulfide reduction requires quite low Eh conditions (figure 8.21D). The process takes place through enzymatic mediation (enzymes oxidize organic matter at the Eh of interest). At low pH, the reducing process may result in the formation of native sulfur, as an intermediate step of the process... 

The mineral content of foods is usually determined from the ash prepared by heating a sample at 500-600°C in a muffle furnace for about 4h to oxidize organic matter. The ash does not represent the salts as present in the food because ... 

Microbes residing in sediment beneath oceans and lakes derive energy by oxidizing organic matter. 02 is available as the oxidant at the sediment-water interface, but it is depleted within millimeters below the interface. Nitrate and Fe(III) oxidants are available in the first few centimeters of sediment. When they are exhausted, sulfate becomes the predominant oxidant for a distance of 1 m. The sulfate reduction product, HS-, is released in millimolar concentrations into solution in the sediment pores. 

Table 3.8 lists the arsenic concentrations of different types of marine and estuary sediments from various locations. Overall, low organic-carbon carbonate muds, oxidizing sands, and coarser-grained sediments have relatively little arsenic. In contrast, reducing marine sediments may contain as much as 3000 mg kg-1 of arsenic (Mandal and Suzuki, 2002), 202. Arsenic also tends to be enriched in fine-grained silicate-rich sediments, such as deep-sea clays and marine muds. In most cases, arsenic-rich sediments contain abundant arsenic-accumulating (oxy)(hydr)oxides, organic matter, or sulfides. 

Detrital iron (oxy)(hydr)oxides, organic matter, and other arsenic-bearing materials in sediments may be transported by water or wind into wetlands and contribute arsenic to peats. Once buried, reductive dissolution releases sorbed arsenic from iron (oxy)(hydr)oxides. Under sulfate-reducing conditions, the arsenic coprecipitates in sulfide minerals or organic matter. During diagenesis, additional arsenic may be released from the organic matter and coprecipitate in sulfide minerals (Eskenazy, 1995), 253. 

Postcolumn UV irradiation to destroy the structure of organic compounds leaving the chromatographic column Oxidizing organic matter contained in the sample Hybrid photocatalysis/membrane treatment of water UV digestion of the sample... 

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) A measure of the amount of oxygen, expressed in milligrams per liter, required to oxidize organic matter present in a substance using a chemical oxidation method. 

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