Screening programmes

Department of the Environment (1983) European Community screening programme for lead United Kingdom results for 1981. Pollution Report No. 18, HMSO, London. 

The development of combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening programmes has stimulated efforts to find experimental and computational models to estimate and predict drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination based on drug physicochemical properties. 

The selection of the species used in a primary screening programme will depend upon the facilities available to the organisation, the local or regional restrictions on the cultivation or breeding of pathogenic species... 

Auray-Blais C, Giguere R, Eemieux (2003) Newborn urine screening programme in the province of Quebec an update of 30 years experience. J Inherit Metab Dis 26 393-402 Baena B, Cifuentes A, Barbas C (2005) Analysis of carboxylic acids in biological fluids by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 26 2622-2636... 

Abdenur JE, Chamoles NA, Guinle AE, Schenone AB, Fuertes AN (1998) Diagnosis of isovaleric acidaemia by tandem mass spectrometry false positive result due to pivaloylcarnitine in a newborn screening programme. J Inherit Metab Dis 21 624-630... 

Gertig DM, Erbas B, Fletcher A, Amos A, Kavanagh AM. Duration of hormone replacement therapy, breast tumour size and grade in a screening programme. Breast Cancer Res Treatment 2003 80 267-73. 

There have been major advances in the detection of carcinoma of the breast in the past several decades. The increased use of mammography for screening and early detection has resulted in a significant increase in the diagnosis of early breast cancer and specifically ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) [92]. The number of patients found to have this lesion has grown 10-fold (from 2 to 20%) in the last decades. In the UK national health screening programme... 

The place of DSC in a screening programme to estimate hazards in proposed chemical processes is discussed in detail. The use of pressure-tight encapsulated samples permits rapid assessment of heats of reaction and/or decomposition and kinetic behaviour under likely process conditions. Selected case studies are included... 

In conclusion, PyMS is undoubtedly very useful for the discrimination of micro-organisms at the genus, species and subspecies level, and whilst it has relatively low throughput (2 min per sample), which would make it unsuitable for very-high-throughput screening programmes, it does present itself as a suitable method for the rapid, precise and accurate analysis of the biochemical composition of bioprocesses. 

The utilization of natural products in pest control may be considered from a number of standpoints. First, the variety of structural types provides a rich source of compounds or models for conventional screening programmes. Second, consideration of the known biological activity of a natural product may lead to its application in pest management, either directly or after structural modification. Third, the recognition and understanding of the function of a chemical in nature may reveal potential approaches to pest management. 

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