Scopolamine adverse effects

Transdermal drug delivery can be used in pediatric patients (1) to avoid problems of drug absorption from the oral route and complications from the intravenous route and (2) to maximize duration of effect and minimize adverse effects of drugs. Unfortunately, the commercially available transdermal dosage forms (e.g., clonidine and scopolamine) are not intended for pediatric patients these would deliver doses much higher than those needed for infants and children. 

No special patient preparation is necessary for pelvic MRI in most cases, unless otherwise stated in the respective chapters. When making an appointment for a pelvic MRI, the patient should be informed about the most important aspects of an MR examination. This also includes questions regarding contraindications to MRI or to IV contrast agent administration. In this way,the patient maybe spared a trip to the MRI center and an effective workflow in the MRI department is ensured. Moreover, the patient should be informed beforehand that a spasmolytic agent will be given to reduce artifacts due to bowel peristalsis, which would degrade image quality. Patients who will receive butyl scopolamine should be told that vision may be transiently impaired immediately after the examination. Finally, the patient should be asked about claustrophobia. If a patient is likely to need sedation, she has to be warned about possible adverse effects. 

Scopolamine is frequently used as anmesic agent. But being a synthetic drug, it has some undesirable effects. Oral dose (at 120 mg kg ) of ethanolic extract of Bacopa monnieri inverted scopolamine (0.5 mg kg i.p.)-induced adverse effects. The ethanolic extract also stopped scopolamine (0.5 mg kg i.p.)-induced retrograde amnesia [56]. 

Tropicamide, like atropine, cyclopentolate, and scopolamine, enters the systemic circulation rapidly. After applying two 40-ml drops of 0.5% tropicamide to one eye in eight patients, peak plasma concentrations were reached in 5 to 30 minutes but were variable (1.3 to 5.2 ng/ml).A mean peak concentration of 2.8 ng/ml was measured at 5 minutes. Despite the rapid systemic absorption, tropicamide has a low affinity for systemic muscarinic receptors.Thus adverse systemic reactions to tropicamide are quite rare. Two studies observed no significant adverse reactions associated with the use of tropicamide in 3,851 drug applications in patients undergoing ophthalmoscopy with either 0.5% or 1% tropicamide.The only reported effects were mild and transient transient changes in lOP on the order of 4 to 12 mm occurred in seven patients, and one individual experienced a transient intermittent esotropia. 

There are reports of studies in which short-term tests have been used to determine the genotoxic potential of the anticholinergic compounds 3-quinuclidlnyl benzilate (BZ). atropine, and scopolamine. The objective of this discussion is to evaluate the data available on these compounds, to determine whether they are genotoxic. Such information would aid in the overall assessment of the potential of these drugs to produce long-term adverse health effects. 

Certain drugs with anticholinergic effects are used for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson s disease (paralysis agitans) and related syndromes of the extrapyramidal tracts. (Of the presently available drugs, none is useful in all cases of Parkinsonism.) Despite claims of superiority for newly introduced synthetic agents, none possesses outstanding efficacy and freedom from adverse side effects when compared clinically with atropine and scopolamine (241). 

Common adverse events common adverse events of transdermal scopolamine are related to its antimus-carinic effects outside the chemoreceptor trigger zone. The most common side effects are dryness of the mouth followed by drowsiness, dizziness, and transient impairment of eye accommodation resulting in blurred vision and dilatation of the pupils. 

Treatment of adverse events in the presence of excess antimuscarinic side effects, the scopolamine patch must immediately be removed. Simple removal... 

Nervous system Datura stramonium has been traditionally used in North America, East Asia, and Africa to treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, arthritis, and pain. All parts of the plant contain poisonous alkaloids, including atropine, hyoscyamine, and hyoscine (scopolamine). The highest concentration of anticholinergic alkaloids is present in the seeds (equivalent to 0.1 mg of atropine per seed). Adverse anticholinergic effects can occur [45 ]. 

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