Scope of the Problem

The glacial phases were events of extreme climatic conditions, manifested by a significant increase in the global snow cover. By how many degrees was the local ambient temperature lower What were the temperatures in the intermediate warmer phases How abrupt were the climatic changes Were there any phases of temperatures higher than the current ones  

The concentration of the atmospheric noble gases dissolved in groundwaters, coupled with the dating of the respective groundwaters, provides a most valuable method to reconstruct paleotemperatures. The work done so far in this field by various researchers (section 13.8) demonstrates the applicability of the method and thus opens a most promising field of research. The future of this field encompasses several tasks  

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Details of the hierarchical decomposition used to manage the scope of the problem are given in Sravana (1994). There are many considerations in developing a particular decomposition, but the objective is to decompose the process into smaller, more localized malfunction considerations. 

Further information is needed on the fundamental chemistry, mechanism of action, and toxicity of the newer economic poisons. An outline is presented of a research program that emphasizes the breadth and scope of the problem and the variety of re-search and educational needs. 

The field of these very important chemicals covers a very broad scope. An organized consideration of all phases of the problem is needed in developing a research program. From this the most critical research needs should be selected and emphasized. The following outline presents one type of an organized picture of the breadth and scope of the problem, and the variety of research and educational needs. Chemistry plays a major role in this work. 

The problems are of both industrial and purely scientific importance, and they can also be approached qualitatively and quantitatively. The reaction prediction question, for example, might be directed not so much at what the products might be, but rather how likely the reaction might be in comparison with an analogous system. The scope of the problems is indeed vast, and Figs. 2 and 3 give some indication of the width of the spectrum of organic synthesis and reactivity. 

Nineteenth-century physics could not explain why Rutherford s model corresponded to a stable atom. The solution to this problem marked a turning point in the history of chemistry and physics. To appreciate the scope of the problem, and the impact of its eventual solution, it is necessary to remain a short while longer in the nineteenth century. In the following pages, you will examine a phenomenon that scientists of the time could not explain. 

Yes, Houston, we have a real problem. But, hopefully, fully grasping the scope of the problem is the first step in addressing it. 

So, what steps can be taken to decrease the scope of the problem One approach is to make certain parameters that depend on more than one atom themselves functions of single-atom-specific parameters. For instance, for use in Eq. (2.16), one usually defines... 

Various schemes exist to try to reduce the number of CSFs in the expansion in a rational way. Symmetry can reduce the scope of the problem enormously. In die TMM problem, many of die CSFs having partially occupied orbitals correspond to an electronic state symmetiy other than that of the totally symmetric irreducible representation, and dius make no contribution to the closed-shell singlet wave function (if symmetry is not used before the fact, die calculation itself will determine the coefdcients of non-contributing CSFs to be zero, but no advantage in efdciency will have been gained). Since this application of group dieoiy involves no approximations, it is one of the best ways to speed up a CAS calculation. 

The US Bureau of Labor Statistics collects data annually regarding workplace injuries. The latest data at the time of this writing are from 2006. While these data are quite nonspecific and difficult to relate directly to the epidemiology of ocular chemical injuries, they do provide some insight into the scope of the problem. All of the following data refer to private industry and cases ofnonfatal injuries or illnesses resulting in lost work days. 

But, oblivious to all of this, Massengill manufactured and distributed 240 gallons of Elixir Sulfanilamide in September of 1937. By October reports of deaths had come in, but the company refused to shoulder any of the blame. Massengill spokesmen maintained that they had broken no laws. Furthermore, they refused to divulge the contents of the formula because it was a trade secret. Finally, under pressure from the American Medical Association, the company revealed that the eUxir contained diethylene glycol. The nature and scope of the problem was now clear, and the American Medical Association, the fda, and the media joined forces in a massive effort to track down as much of the elixir as possible. They were astonishingly successful 234 of the 240 gallons were recovered. 

If the present rate of demand can cause a problem of this magnitude in a year of moderate drought, what will be the scope of the problems one may have to face in just 20 years when, according to the U. S. Geological Survey the demand for water will more than double, reaching the immense total of 497 billion gallons per day The year 1980 does not mark the peak of demand the consumption curve is expected to continue to rise as the population continues to grow. 

The broad scope of the problems discussed in this review emphasizes the flexibility of the infrared methods. Because of this flexibility, the direct and unambiguous nature of the spectral evidence, and the ease and rapidity with which information can be obtained, it is obvious that the study of surfaces by the infrared technique will play an important role in future developments in the field of surface chemistry. 

Clearly define the scope of the problem and the goals you want to achieve,... 

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AH RQ). 2001. Medical Errors The Scope of the Problem. Rockville, MD, AHRQ. 

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2007. Medical errors The scope of the problem. Available at www.ahrq.gov/qual/errback.htm. 

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