SCOP

SCOP Structural Classification of Proteins. Hierarchical protein structure database... 

Murzin A G, S E Brenner, T Hubbard and C Chothia 1995. SCOP A Structural Classification of Proteins Database for the Investigation of Sequences and Structures. Journal of Molecular Biology 247 536-540. 

TJP Hubbard, B Alley, SE Brenner, AGMurzm, C Chothia. SCOP A stiaictural classification of proteins database. Nucleic Acids Res 27 254-256, 1999. 

Figure 2.10 Examples of schematic diagrams of the type pioneered by Jane Richardson. Diagram (a) illustrates the structure of myoglobin in the same orientation as the computer-drawn diagrams of Figures 2.9b-d. Diagram (b), which is adapted from J. Richardson, illustrates the structure of the enzyme triosephosphate isomerase, determined to 2.5 A resolution in the laboratory of David Phillips, Oxford University. Such diagrams can easily be obtained from databases of protein structures, such as PDB, SCOP or CATH, available on the World Wide Web.

The first requirement for threading is to have a database of all the known different protein folds. Eisenberg has used his own library of about 800 folds, which represents a minimally redundant set of the more than 6000 structures deposited at the Protein Data Bank. Other groups use databases available on the World Wide Web, where the folds are hierarchically ordered according to structural and functional similarities, such as SCOP, designed by Alexey Murzin and Cyrus Chothia in Cambridge, UK. 

In order to make as much data on the structure and its determination available in the databases, approaches for automated data harvesting are being developed. Structure classification schemes, as implemented for example in the SCOP, CATH, andFSSP databases, elucidate the relationship between protein folds and function and shed light on the evolution of protein domains. 

Sequence conservation is, in general, much weaker than structural conservation. There are proteins, which are clearly not related in sequence but are closely related in 3D-stmcture and fold, like heamoglobin and myoglobin, which have similar functions. In many proteins, fold elements like 4-helical bundles are repeated. Classifications of known structural folds of proteins are organized in the SCOP or CATH database see e.g., http //scop.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/scop/. 

One of the features of allelopathy, as pointed out by Rice (18). is that it is specific. Certain species, but not others, are affected by the allelochemics produced by a plant. This suggests that allelopathy by a weed must be positively demonstrated for each crop. References to specific reports of demonstrated allelopathy by a weed on a crop are given in Table 1. In some cases [crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), spurge (Euphorbia spp.), etc.], no crop is listed in the allelopathy column. 

Membrane permeation-controlled system in which the drug permeation is controlled by a polymeric membrane Transderm-Scop (scopolamine Ciba-Geigy). 

Table 16 describes the predicted performance of the GSHP system. Total amount of extracted heat from the ground reaches 180 GJ and electricity consumption is 13.9 MWh. In this time COP ofthe heat pump unit is 4.4. When this system will adopt a constant—speed pump which can cover the maximum heat output, SCOP is 2.7. This result suggests that a variable speed pump according to the heat loads is effective to improve SCOP. On the other hand, released heat into the ground during summer is 56 GJ and the electricity of 3.6 MWh is consumed to circulate the brine between U-tubes in the foundation piles and ventilation units. SCOP during summer is estimated to be 5.7. This can be also improved. 

Amount of heat extraction Electric power consumption Electric power consumption of the circulation pump Average COP Average SCOP... 

Meclizine (Bonine, Antivert) Scopolamine (Transderm Scop) Trimethobenzamide (Tigan)... 

Perennials Chloris gayana Kunth, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop, (rizoma-propagated)3 Convolvulus althaeoides... 

Canada thistle Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., quack grass E.s repens (L.) Gould, barnyard grass E. crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., monochoriaMonochoria vaginalis (Burm. F.) C. Presl ex Kunth Wild mustard Sinapis arvensis L. 

The most promising allelopathic weeds are hawkweeds (Hieracium spp.). They are effective in reducing other asteraceous weeds (Murphy and Aarssen 1995b) and yellow hawkweed (H. pratense Tausch.) inhibited Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.), perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), and annual sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) however, the long-term effect on perennial species is unclear (Murphy 2001). 

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